a-MSH-Melanotan 1
OT-Oxytocin
LDH-Lactic dehydrogenase
Basics information:
OT-Oxytocin
LDH-Lactic dehydrogenase
Basics information:
- a-MSH (2 mg/kg/dayfor 12 weeks, s.c.) has no acute toxic effect in rodents
- a-MSH (2/10 mg/kg, s.c.) does not increase tumor incidence of human melanoma in SCID (immunodeficient) mice, nor does it lead to malignant transformation of tumors, and does not exhibit cancer-promoting effects.
- a-MSH 0.6 mg/kg/day for 30 days was well tolerated with no change in lethality, no effect on weight gain, no serum chemistry changes, except for a slight increase (30 %) in LDH levels in rats.
- Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, use it within 1 month.
- Sq injection is preferred
-
- Liver.
- Some studies suggest OT levels and a-MSH may affect the liver
- LDH
- Stool tests or anything to check gut
- a-MSH affects OT which is recognised to in excess be harmful to the gut
- Enzymes
- Tyrosinase levels should be checked
- Firefly luciferase method should be employed to check the increase in adenosine monophosphates effect on ATP production. Alternatively ADP levels can also be checked, ADP and ATP levels are fundamentally linked (ATP breaks down into ADP to release energy), ADP is therefore also related to adenosine monophosphate
- Amino acid
- Tyrosine and its predecessor phenylalanine levels should be checked
- Iron, copper, iodine, B6, and vitamin C
- Involved in utilisation of tyrosine the predecessor of melanin
- Melanotan 1 is a synthetic analogue of the hormone alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone
- a-MSH binds to the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) on nearby melanocytes. Activation of MC1R leads to an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase production. This ultimately enhances the activity of melanogenic enzymes, including tyrosinase, which is involved in the production of melanin. As a result, there is an increase in cutaneous eumelanin (dark coloured form of melanin) production, leading to skin pigmentation. The increased pigmentation provides a partial barrier to the penetration of UVR and visible light. Additionally, eumelanin also helps scavenge reactive oxygen species induced by UVR, which can cause damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids. a-MSH, which is a superpotent melanocortin, is designed to resist enzymatic breakdown, prolonging its duration of action at the MC1R compared to natural a-MSH. By stimulating the MC1R, it promotes melanogenesis by increasing melanocyte proliferation and upregulating tyrosinase activity.
- OT
- Increases serum OT level through selectively activated hypothalamic OT neurons and potentiated central OT release
- Low central oxytocin content has been linked to neuropsychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and autism therefore a-MSH has potential of enhancing social function in psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia
- Has potential to increase or decrease anxiety due to increase in OT
- Increased OT linked to increased basal testosterone levels, however may reduce testosterone sensitivity in key areas of the brain shown by studies regarding loss of competitiveness and mistrust following OT increases
- OT/OTR signaling is physiologically significant in the regulation of GI motility, modulation of intestinal inflammation, regulation of the permeability of the mucosa to macromolecules, and maintenance of the mucosa.
- OT/OTR signaling may be useful in the treatment of stress-related abnormalities of GI function as OT/OTR signaling provides a “nurturing” molecular effect that balances stress-related effects of molecules
- OT promotes osteoblasts differentiation and function, leading to an increased bone formation with no effect on bone resorption and an improvement of bone microarchitecture
- Although this may not be significant as this occurs due to OT produced in bone marrow while a-MSH stimulates the hypothalamus production of OT
- Studies on weight loss derived from OT noted that suggests that longer acting OT formulations would have greater efficacy due to OTs short half life but this is negligible in our case but could suggest that multiple or daily injections is a preferable method in comparison to more spaced out a-MSH injections
- OT has a role in preventing the release of certain proinflammatory cytokines, which may lead to skin aging, with clinical evidence of OT levels’ effect on skin’s appearance.
- LDH
- Can’t access the study that talks specifically about a-msh and LDH
(( - LDH works to prevent muscular failure and fatigue in multiple ways. The lactate-forming reaction generates cytosolic NAD+, which feeds into the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction to help maintain cytosolic redox potential and promote substrate flux through the second phase of glycolysis to promote ATP generation. This, in effect, provides more energy to contracting muscles under heavy workloads.
- Lactic dehydrogenase is released from injuries or disease and is used as an indicator
- Lactic dehydrogenase helps play a role in anaerobic respiration through the conversion of pyruvate to lactate
- Can’t access the study that talks specifically about a-msh and LDH
does not seem to be problematic in low dosages.
