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An Introduction to James Monroe
- James Monroe was a Founding Father who also served as the fifth President of the United States of America, from 1817 to 1825.
- His reign is considered by many to be an "Era of Good Feelings" due to decline in partisan politics during his time. It was marked with relatively low instability and partisanship.
- His Presidential reign also saw some diplomatic achievements and economic stability following the War of 1812.
- Before becoming President he held numerous roles within the Government inluding serving as Secretary of State and Secretary of War. He is also a notable veteran of the American Revolution.
The Electoral Landscape of America in that Era
- By the time Monroe ran for re-election the political landscape in the United States of America had changed significantly. In the beginning there were mainly two parties, the Democrat-Republican Party (not to be confused with modern parties) and the Federalist Party.
- The Federalist Party at the time of James Monroe's relection had largely diminished, mainly because of it's opposition to the War of 1812 and it's support of the infamous Hartford Convention. The Convention was a series of meetings of the Federalists to discuss their grievances regarding the War of 1812.
- This left the Democratic-Republican Party as the de-facto dominant party in the United States. It was effectively a one-party system.
- This dominance would help Monroe focus on governance later on during his second term as he did not face the same level of contention that his predecessors did.
The Election Strategy
- James Monroe's first landslide victory had already demonstrated the decline of the Federalist Party as he had defeated the opposing candidate, Rufus King by a landslide in 1816.
- As the 1820 election approached, Monroe and the Party did not have to apply aggressive campaigning tactics due to the major decline of the opposition.
- Instead he relied on his proven track record. He reminded the American populace of the economic growth during his first term, national unity and harmony during his term, and the successful recapture of Florida from Spain and the establishment of the Monroe Doctrine.
- In addition to this, there were no serious debates and speeches due to the lack of opposition which would be unheard of in this time.
The Re-election
- In the 1820 election, James Monroe faced John Quincy Adams of the Federalist Party. Euphoria was in the air, the members of the Democratic-Republican Party were eagerly awaiting the results and they surprised no one.
- James Monroe had secured a historic landslide victory securing all but one electoral vote. The only vote for John Quincy Adams was from a gentleman from New Hampshire, called William Plummer.
- James Monroe had won 231 electoral votes while John Quincy Adams had won only won. To this day it still remains the most one-sided victory of a candidate in an election if we solely consider electoral votes.
- In addition to that, James Monroe won 80.6% of the popular vote while Quincy won only 19.4% signalling an absolutely resounding victory for the Democratic-Republican Party
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