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Table: Epigenetic Regulation by Dietary Phytochemicals
| Dietary compound | Food source | Epigenetic modification (s) | Epigenetic target (s) | Roles in cancer prevention | References |
| Resveratrol | Blueberries, mulberries, cranberries, peanuts and grapes | Histone-modifications DNA methylation | TNFα, IL-8, RBP/SIRT1 Unknown/DNMT | Reduce activation of NF kappa B | (Tili et al., 2010) |
| Curcumin | Turmeric | Histone-modifications DNA methylation miRNA | H3 and H4 acetylation, p53, GATA4,GZMB, PRF1,EOMES/HAT, HDAC Unknown/DNMT1 | Prevention of DNA damage and blocking the inflammatory master molecule NF kappa B | (Mudduluru et al., 2011) |
| Tea polyphenols | Tea leaves | Histone-modifications DNA methylation miRNA | H3 and H4 acetylation, H3K27m3, NF-kB, IL-6, BMI-1, EZH2, SUZ12/HAT, HDAC, HMT P16INK4a, RNRβ, MGMT, hMLH1, RECK1, hTERT, WIF-1, RXRα, GSTP1, CDKN2A, RXRβ, CDX2/DNMTI, MBD1, MeCP2 Bcl-2, AR | Induce apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest in tumor cells | (Tsang & Kwok, 2010) |
| Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and Diindolylmethane (DMI) | Broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, mustard and radish | Histone-modifications miRNA | COX-2/HDAC ZEB1, EGFR | Modification of nuclear transcription factors including Sp1, estrogen receptor, NF kappa B and aryl hydrocarbon receptor | (Li, VandenBoom, Wang,Kong, 2010) |
| Genistein | Soy beans | Histone-modifications DNA methylation miRNA | H3, H4, H2A and H2B acetylation, H3K4me2, H3K9me3, p21, p16, PTEN, p53, FOXA3, BTG3, RARβ, hTERT, CCLD/HAT, HDAC, SIRT1 P16, RARβ2, MGMT, hTERT, BTG3, GSTP1 and EPHB2, HMGNS, CDKN2A/ DNMT, MBD1, MBD4, MeCP2 ZEB1, ZBTB10, EGFR | Modulation of chromatin configuration and DNA methylation | (Fang et al., 2005; King-Batoon et al., 2008; Majid et al., 2009) |
| Sulforaphane | Broccoli sprouts, cabbage and kale | Histone-modifications DNA methylation | H3 and H4 acetylation, H3K9ac, H3K9me3, HBD-2, H3K27me3, RARβ, HBD-2, p21, BAX/HDAC Unknown/DNMT1 | Inhibit the growth of tumor cells and induce apoptosis in cancer cells | (Meeran et al., 2010) |
| Phenethyl isothiocynate | Cauliflower, cabbage, cress, bok choy and broccoli | Histone-modifications DNA methylation | H3 and H4 acetylation, p21, GSTP1/HDAC GSTP1/unknown | Induction of cell-cycle arrest | (Wang et al., 2007; Izzotti, Calin, Steele, & Cartiglia, 2010) |
| Organosulfur compounds | Garlic | Histone-modifications | H3 and H4 acetylation, p21/HDAC | Inhibition of DNA adduct formation, upregulation of antioxidant defences and DNA repair systems | (Druesne et al., 2004) |
| Quercetin | Citrus fruits and buckwheat | Histone-modifications DNA methylation | IP-10, MIP-2/HAT, SIRT1 CDKN2A/DNMT | Induction of cell-cycle arrest | (Priyadarsini et al., 2011) |
| Lycopene | Tomato | DNA methylation | GSTP1, RARβ, HIN-1/unknown | Induction of cell-cycle arrest | (King-Batoon et al., 2008) |
| Ellagitannins | Pomegranate, walnuts and almonds | miRNA | miRNA array | Inhibition of cell proliferation |
