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Testosterone is significantly discussed in relation to aggression and competitive behavior. There are two theories on the role of testosterone in aggression and competition.[73] The first one is the challenge hypothesis which states that testosterone would increase during puberty, thus facilitating reproductive and competitive behavior which would include aggression.[73] It is therefore the challenge of competition among males of the species that facilitates aggression and violence.[73] Studies conducted have found direct correlation between testosterone and dominance, especially among the most violent criminals in prison who had the highest testosterone levels.[73] The same research also found fathers (those outside competitive environments) had the lowest testosterone levels compared to other males.[73]
Falling in love decreases men's testosterone levels while increasing women's testosterone levels. There has been speculation that these changes in testosterone result in the temporary reduction of differences in behavior between the sexes.[58] However, it is suggested that after the "honeymoon phase" ends—about four years into a relationship—this change in testosterone levels is no longer apparent.[58] Men who produce less testosterone are more likely to be in a relationship[59] or married,[60] and men who produce more testosterone are more likely to divorce;[60] however, causality cannot be determined in this correlation. Marriage or commitment could cause a decrease in testosterone levels.[61]
Falling in love decreases men's testosterone levels while increasing women's testosterone levels. There has been speculation that these changes in testosterone result in the temporary reduction of differences in behavior between the sexes.[58] However, it is suggested that after the "honeymoon phase" ends—about four years into a relationship—this change in testosterone levels is no longer apparent.[58] Men who produce less testosterone are more likely to be in a relationship[59] or married,[60] and men who produce more testosterone are more likely to divorce;[60] however, causality cannot be determined in this correlation. Marriage or commitment could cause a decrease in testosterone levels.[61]
