alfej
Iron
- Joined
- May 28, 2024
- Posts
- 11
- Reputation
- 15
The epiphase plate, better known as the growth zone, is composed of five distinct layers:
1. The quiescent/germinal zone, in which stem cells or progenitor cells continuously
replace the pool of proliferative chondrocytes.
2. The proliferative zone, where highly proliferating chondrocytes arrange themselves in a column
parallel to the direction of longitudinal growth and produce ECM.
3. The prehypertrophic zone, where chondrocytes initiate hypertrophic differentiation
characterized by the expression of IHH
4. The hypertrophic zone consists of enlarged chondrocytes that increase in length, thereby determining bone elongation, they also alter the surrounding ECM by mineralizing it.
5. The degenerative zone, where chondrocytes undergo rapid death before ossification.
Fatal ossification of growth zones is characterized by the final degeneration of chondrogenic cells and chondrocytes, which makes further vertical development of the skeleton mediated by endogenous hormones, peptides and growth factors impossible.
METHOD OF RESTORING CHONDROCYTES IN THE EPIPHASE PLATE:
The method consists in simulating all five stages using exogenous proteins. The human body has a certain type of stem cells known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) capable of differentiating into adipocytes (fat cells), osteoblasts (bone matrix producing cells), chondrocytes (cartilage forming cells). Differentiation of MSCs into these types of cells is mediated by certain growth factors, signaling pathways, hormones and peptides. For our situation, only the method of differentiation of MSCs into chondrocytes matters, they are encoded as TGF-b, BMP-2\4\7, FGF2, Shh, WNT-3a, sox9, these factors force MSCs to transform into chondroprogenitor cells, further development into chondroblasts and chondrocytes occurs under the influence of IGF-1, BMP-2\4\7, FGF2, ihh, PTHrP.
SCIENCE (https://www.researchgate.net/public...d_Approaches_for_Cartilage_Tissue_Engineering)
The idea is to introduce a polymer into the zone of fatal ossification that gradually releases MSCs and the necessary proteins. Thus, we form a new line of chondrocytes between the secondary ossification zone and the bone matrix.
PROBLEMS:
The main problem is hidden in the price of the corresponding proteins, the MSCs themselves and the zoning of the epiphase plate, that is, not a new growth zone is formed, but a simple cartilage identical to the rest of the cartilages in the human body, this means that ossification of newly formed chondrocytes is possible only with the exogenous introduction of factors responsible for the degeneration of chondrocytes and their calcification.
CONCLUSION:
Currently, this method is one of the possible, but not the most realistic and successful method of regenerating the cartilaginous layer between the epiphysis and diaphysis. The cost of the necessary reagents, uncertainty in the behavior of cells and the impossibility of adequate zoning.
1. The quiescent/germinal zone, in which stem cells or progenitor cells continuously
replace the pool of proliferative chondrocytes.
2. The proliferative zone, where highly proliferating chondrocytes arrange themselves in a column
parallel to the direction of longitudinal growth and produce ECM.
3. The prehypertrophic zone, where chondrocytes initiate hypertrophic differentiation
characterized by the expression of IHH
4. The hypertrophic zone consists of enlarged chondrocytes that increase in length, thereby determining bone elongation, they also alter the surrounding ECM by mineralizing it.
5. The degenerative zone, where chondrocytes undergo rapid death before ossification.
Fatal ossification of growth zones is characterized by the final degeneration of chondrogenic cells and chondrocytes, which makes further vertical development of the skeleton mediated by endogenous hormones, peptides and growth factors impossible.
METHOD OF RESTORING CHONDROCYTES IN THE EPIPHASE PLATE:
The method consists in simulating all five stages using exogenous proteins. The human body has a certain type of stem cells known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) capable of differentiating into adipocytes (fat cells), osteoblasts (bone matrix producing cells), chondrocytes (cartilage forming cells). Differentiation of MSCs into these types of cells is mediated by certain growth factors, signaling pathways, hormones and peptides. For our situation, only the method of differentiation of MSCs into chondrocytes matters, they are encoded as TGF-b, BMP-2\4\7, FGF2, Shh, WNT-3a, sox9, these factors force MSCs to transform into chondroprogenitor cells, further development into chondroblasts and chondrocytes occurs under the influence of IGF-1, BMP-2\4\7, FGF2, ihh, PTHrP.
SCIENCE (https://www.researchgate.net/public...d_Approaches_for_Cartilage_Tissue_Engineering)
The idea is to introduce a polymer into the zone of fatal ossification that gradually releases MSCs and the necessary proteins. Thus, we form a new line of chondrocytes between the secondary ossification zone and the bone matrix.
PROBLEMS:
The main problem is hidden in the price of the corresponding proteins, the MSCs themselves and the zoning of the epiphase plate, that is, not a new growth zone is formed, but a simple cartilage identical to the rest of the cartilages in the human body, this means that ossification of newly formed chondrocytes is possible only with the exogenous introduction of factors responsible for the degeneration of chondrocytes and their calcification.
CONCLUSION:
Currently, this method is one of the possible, but not the most realistic and successful method of regenerating the cartilaginous layer between the epiphysis and diaphysis. The cost of the necessary reagents, uncertainty in the behavior of cells and the impossibility of adequate zoning.
Last edited:
