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The structure of the cartilage allows it to experience reversible deformation and at the same time maintain the ability to metabolism and reproduction. Its main components are cartilage cells (chondrocytes) and the extracellular matrix, consisting of fibres and the main substance. Moreover, most of the cartilage mass is precisely the intercellular substance.
A feature of cartilage, in comparison with other types of tissues in the body, is that it has few cells and is surrounded by a large amount of intercellular space - the matrix. Cartilage is so poorly restored after damage, precisely because there are very few cells in it that can multiply and the bulk of the repair (recovery) comes from the extracellular matrix.
In hyaline cartilage, which most often represents the articular surface, half of the matrix is collagen - the main protein of connective tissue.
Collagen is a collective concept, there are several types of it. Different in chemical composition, all of them, however, consist of very large molecules folded into triple helices. This structure of the fibres makes them very resistant to twisting, stretching and breaking.
If we analyze the composition of the polypeptide chains of any of the three types of collagen (in humans there are exactly three), we will see that the specific gravity of the glycine amino acid is the largest.
It is believed that the cartilage matrix consists of 3 main components:
1) a fibrous collagen frame that forms a three-dimensional network of weaves;
2) proteoglycan molecules that fill the loop of the fibrous skeleton;
3) water freely moving between the weaves of the framework and the proteoglycan molecules.
Articular cartilage has no blood vessels. It feeds diffusely, absorbing nutrients from the synovial fluid.
The collagen frame is a kind of "skeleton" of cartilage. It has great elasticity with respect to tensile forces and at the same time has a relatively weak resistance to compressive stress. Therefore, intraarticular cartilage (for example menisci and articular surfaces of the femur and tibia) are easily damaged under compression (compressive) loads and almost never under tensile loads ("tensile").
In the hyaline cartilage of the joints, starting from the age of 30, fibrillation is revealed - the cartilage surface is getting loose. Microscopic examination on the surface of the cartilage reveals faults and splitting. Cartilage splitting occurs both vertically and horizontally. In this case, in some places, there is an accumulation of cartilage cells as a response of the body to the destruction of cartilage. Sometimes there is an age-related increase (!) In the thickness of articular cartilage as a response to the action of mechanical (training) factors. Many researchers note the age-related evolution of cartilage of the knee joint starting from the age of 40
http://healthy-back.livejournal.com/7782.html
A feature of cartilage, in comparison with other types of tissues in the body, is that it has few cells and is surrounded by a large amount of intercellular space - the matrix. Cartilage is so poorly restored after damage, precisely because there are very few cells in it that can multiply and the bulk of the repair (recovery) comes from the extracellular matrix.
In hyaline cartilage, which most often represents the articular surface, half of the matrix is collagen - the main protein of connective tissue.
Collagen is a collective concept, there are several types of it. Different in chemical composition, all of them, however, consist of very large molecules folded into triple helices. This structure of the fibres makes them very resistant to twisting, stretching and breaking.
If we analyze the composition of the polypeptide chains of any of the three types of collagen (in humans there are exactly three), we will see that the specific gravity of the glycine amino acid is the largest.
It is believed that the cartilage matrix consists of 3 main components:
1) a fibrous collagen frame that forms a three-dimensional network of weaves;
2) proteoglycan molecules that fill the loop of the fibrous skeleton;
3) water freely moving between the weaves of the framework and the proteoglycan molecules.
Articular cartilage has no blood vessels. It feeds diffusely, absorbing nutrients from the synovial fluid.
The collagen frame is a kind of "skeleton" of cartilage. It has great elasticity with respect to tensile forces and at the same time has a relatively weak resistance to compressive stress. Therefore, intraarticular cartilage (for example menisci and articular surfaces of the femur and tibia) are easily damaged under compression (compressive) loads and almost never under tensile loads ("tensile").
In the hyaline cartilage of the joints, starting from the age of 30, fibrillation is revealed - the cartilage surface is getting loose. Microscopic examination on the surface of the cartilage reveals faults and splitting. Cartilage splitting occurs both vertically and horizontally. In this case, in some places, there is an accumulation of cartilage cells as a response of the body to the destruction of cartilage. Sometimes there is an age-related increase (!) In the thickness of articular cartilage as a response to the action of mechanical (training) factors. Many researchers note the age-related evolution of cartilage of the knee joint starting from the age of 40
http://healthy-back.livejournal.com/7782.html
