Prøphet
natural selection playing out in a godless way.
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1: biomolecules
Amino acid - polypeptide - protein
peptide bonds hold them together
structural, transport , metabolism, protection, enzymes speed up reactions fast enough to sustain life
primary: covalent
secondary, alpha helix / beta pleated: hydrogen
sugars: monosaccharides glucose fructose - disaccharides - polysaccharides starch cellulose glycogen
glycogen more loose with branches for animals short term
starches less branches tighter long term
cellulose coiled super tight makes up cell walls in plants
1 carbon 2 hydrogen 1 oxygen
lipids
fats oils waxes steroids all non polar
messengers, structure, heat retention, long term energy
saturated = carbon chain satured with hydrogens
unsaturated = carbon chain unsatured of hydrogen usually due to carbon double bonds
phospholipids polar head non polar tail make up plasma membranes 1 glycerol 2 fatty acids 1 phosphate head
cholest test est same skeleton different functional group r and always 4 fused c rings
lipids never form polymers
waxes waterproof
amino group of proteins nitrogenous
acidic group carboxyl cooh
denatured = shape lost, proteins shape = function, chaperone folds others, prion misfolded
denaturation by ph reversible, by heat irreversible
nucleic acids
nucleotides: adenine-thymine or uracil in rna, cytosine guanine
either 2 rings or 1 ring
atp adenoisine triphosphate energy stored in bond between 2nd and 3rd phosphate released when broken
dehydration = h2o removed, usually oh and h, from 2 monomers or polymers allowing atoms behind to bond
hydrolysis = h2o added to break apart bond
DNA->RNA->RIBOSOMES/ROUGH ER->GA->DESTINATION
Rna carries out DNA instructions
Amino acid - polypeptide - protein
peptide bonds hold them together
structural, transport , metabolism, protection, enzymes speed up reactions fast enough to sustain life
primary: covalent
secondary, alpha helix / beta pleated: hydrogen
sugars: monosaccharides glucose fructose - disaccharides - polysaccharides starch cellulose glycogen
glycogen more loose with branches for animals short term
starches less branches tighter long term
cellulose coiled super tight makes up cell walls in plants
1 carbon 2 hydrogen 1 oxygen
lipids
fats oils waxes steroids all non polar
messengers, structure, heat retention, long term energy
saturated = carbon chain satured with hydrogens
unsaturated = carbon chain unsatured of hydrogen usually due to carbon double bonds
phospholipids polar head non polar tail make up plasma membranes 1 glycerol 2 fatty acids 1 phosphate head
cholest test est same skeleton different functional group r and always 4 fused c rings
lipids never form polymers
waxes waterproof
amino group of proteins nitrogenous
acidic group carboxyl cooh
denatured = shape lost, proteins shape = function, chaperone folds others, prion misfolded
denaturation by ph reversible, by heat irreversible
nucleic acids
nucleotides: adenine-thymine or uracil in rna, cytosine guanine
either 2 rings or 1 ring
atp adenoisine triphosphate energy stored in bond between 2nd and 3rd phosphate released when broken
dehydration = h2o removed, usually oh and h, from 2 monomers or polymers allowing atoms behind to bond
hydrolysis = h2o added to break apart bond
DNA->RNA->RIBOSOMES/ROUGH ER->GA->DESTINATION
Rna carries out DNA instructions