★☠︎︎PHENYTOIN ☠︎︎★
could phenytoin really help with androgenetic alopecia?
could phenytoin really help with androgenetic alopecia?
Let's look into it:
☠︎︎THIS THREAD INCLUDES☠︎︎:
- an explanation on what phenytoin is;
- Phenytoin's side effects;
- How phenytoin causes hair growth;
- The study part;
- A final elaboration on the drug.
NOTE: if you happen to don't know some terms, there will be most likely a
b
NOTE²: this thread is only for educational purposes. Don't take this as medical advice.
PHENYTOIN'S ORIGINAL PURPOSE:
- Phenytoin is an anti-seizure drug that has been under clinical evaluation for around eight decades. It is primarily used for the treatment of tonic-clonic and partial seizures. Phenytoin has a highly selective inhibitory effect on the motor area of the cerebral cortex. For its mode of action, phenytoin binds to the inactivated state of the Na+ channel to prolong the neuronal refractory period. Moreover, it is generally believed that phenytoin exerts its antiepileptic effect by stabilising the function of brain cell membranes and increasing the levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitters serotonin (5-HT) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain . Through these mechanisms, phenytoin prevents the spread of abnormal discharge and has anti-epileptic effects.
_______________________
__________________
____________
PHENYTOIN'S SIDE EFFECTS:
- cerebellar dysfunction;
- dyskinesia;
Dyskinesia is, in general, an abnormality of movement. In neurology, the term can refer to abnormal movements of the voluntary muscles, while in internal medicine it may refer to abnormal movement of certain organs or hollow viscera.
- peripheral neuropathy;
Peripheral neuropathy, often shortened to neuropathy, is damage or disease affecting the nerves. Damage to nerves may impair sensation, movement, gland function, or organ function depending on which nerve fibers are affected. Neuropathies affecting motor, sensory, or autonomic nerve fibers result in different symptoms. More than one type of fiber may be affected simultaneously. Peripheral neuropathy may be acute (with sudden onset, rapid progress) or chronic (symptoms begin subtly and progress slowly), and may be reversible or permanent.
- gingival hyperplasia;
Gingival enlargement is an increase in the size of the gingiva (gums). It is a common feature of gingival disease. Gingival enlargement can be caused by a number of factors, including inflammatory conditions and the side effects of certain medications. The treatment is based on the cause.
- pseudolymphomas and malignant lymphomas;
PSEUDOLYMPHOMAS: Pseudolymphoma is a benign lymphocytic infiltrate that resembles cutaneous lymphoma histologically, clinically, or both. MALIGNANT LYMPHOMAS: Lymphoma is a group of blood and lymph tumors that develop from lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell).The name typically refers to just the cancerous versions rather than all such tumors. Signs and symptoms may include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, drenching sweats, unintended weight loss, itching, and constantly feeling tired. The enlarged lymph nodes are usually painless. The sweats are most common at night.
- cause allergic reactions
- slows the conduction rate between myocardial fibres and eliminate ectopic rhythms;
- cause cerebellar syndrome;
Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS), also called Schmahmann's syndrome, is a condition that follows from lesions (damage) to the cerebellum of the brain. It refers to a constellation of deficits in the cognitive domains of executive function, spatial cognition, language, and affect. Impairments of executive function include problems with planning, set-shifting, abstract reasoning, verbal fluency, and working memory, and there is often perseveration, distractibility and inattention.
- Excess hair growth.
Hypertrichosis (sometimes known as werewolf syndrome or Ambras syndrome) is an abnormal amount of hair growth over the body.The two distinct types of hypertrichosis are generalized hypertrichosis, which occurs over the entire body, and localized hypertrichosis, which is restricted to a certain area. Hypertrichosis can be either congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life.The excess growth of hair occurs in areas of the skin with the exception of androgen-dependent hair of the pubic area, face, and axillary regions.
_____________________________________________
_____________
WHY PHENYTOIN MAY CAUSE HAIR GROWTH:
- the activation of the gp130-jak-STAT3 axis:
by doing this, it enhances the expression of the vascular endothelial and transforming growth factor beta-1, which are key regulators of the angiogenesis (the forming of new blood vessels and capillaries from the ones already existing) and dermal remodeling
- The increase in epidermal growth factor and vascular endothilial growth factor:
for reference, EGF (epidermal growth factor) is basically a protein composed of 53 amino acid residues and three intramolecular disulfide bonds. For us humans, it signals to the body to stimulate cell growth, differentiation and survival by binding the EGF receptor (signals the skin cells to produce elastin, collagen and hyaluronic acid).
VEGF instead is a protein produced by cells which stimulate angiogenesis and vasculogenesis (so pretty much it's role is to facilitate the creation of new blood vessels.)
VEGF instead is a protein produced by cells which stimulate angiogenesis and vasculogenesis (so pretty much it's role is to facilitate the creation of new blood vessels.)
promoting keratinocyte proliferation (pretty much the division of said cells, which are essential for regeneration and wound healing) of and extracellular matrix regeneration, both essential for follicular health.
- IT INHIBITs COLLAGENASE ACTIVITY:
collagenase is a specific class of proteolytic enzymes which purpose is to degrade collagen, the most abundant protein in our body. By doing the hydrolysis of the peptide bonds of the triple helix structure of the original collagen, process which is essential for things tissue remodelling.
preserving the structural integrity of the perifollicular matrix, which supports hair follicle anchorage.
- IT'S POTENT ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS:
Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation, a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals. Autoxidation leads to degradation of organic compounds, including living matter.
Superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) is any of a family of enzymes that alternately catalyze the dismutation (or partitioning) of the superoxide (O−
2) anion radical into normal molecular oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H
2O
2).
2) anion radical into normal molecular oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H
2O
2).
Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (EC 1.11.1.9) is the general name of an enzyme family with peroxidase activity whose main biological role is to protect the organism from oxidative damage.The biochemical function of glutathione peroxidase is to reduce lipid hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols and to reduce free hydrogen peroxide to water.
phenytoin exhibits potent antioxidant effects by upregulating superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). This upregulation mitigates oxidative stress, a major contributor to hair follicle miniaturization and cycling disruption, which is followed by phenytoin may reduce apoptosis and promote anagen entry, as evidenced by increased follicular density and synchronized growth patterns in animal models
- ITS SUPPORT TO TISSUE REMODELING AND ANGIOGENESIS
It's been noted that phenytoin has a stimulatory effect on connective tissue and angiogenesis, possibly making it easier for a hair follicle to sprout and giving it trophic support.
_______________________
_______________
_______
These attributes position this drug as a possible and biologically plausible candidate for an AGA treatment. Hyperchitrosis is a very common side effect of this drug, which targets every age group and gender indistinctively. A nine year old who was prescribed this drug for epilepsy treatment complained about excess hair growth, especially on his: back, arms and butt.
aga (a.k.a. androgenetic alopecia, is one of the most common types of alopecia (hairloss), caused by the sensibility to androgens and DHT.
A recent study where patients of vast different ages who suffered from AGA were subjected to an experiment where they applied a topical 5% phenytoin solution, they measured different attributes of their scalp, such as hair density, number of follicular units, follicular unit density from baseline, anagen rate, hair texture and oiliness:
EVERY. SINGLE. ONE. SHOWED. IMPROVEMENT.
While some were mild (like the anagen rate), Statistically significant improvements were observed in total hair count from baseline, hair density from baseline, and the Number of total follicular units also exhibited a significant increase from baseline
But the best part???..
Is that NOT ONE person reported serious side effects
This means that a 5% TOPICAL phenytoin solution might be the perfect potential treatment for hairloss treatment, while not having to deal with extreme side effects
________________________
__________________
___________
Now on a serious note; is it worth taking the drug?
No. Atleast not yet. the side effects are clearly no joke and the hair growth you will get is hypertrichosis (basically you will most likepy get more ass hair while little to no difference in your norwood victimized hairline)
DOES IT HAVE THE POTENTIAL to be an hairloss treatment?
Ofcourse. Until now, everything has been positive and poinying for a bright future For the newer usage of the drug, the solution is still highly experimental.
@Volpa mogs
#volpamogs
No. Atleast not yet. the side effects are clearly no joke and the hair growth you will get is hypertrichosis (basically you will most likepy get more ass hair while little to no difference in your norwood victimized hairline)
DOES IT HAVE THE POTENTIAL to be an hairloss treatment?
Ofcourse. Until now, everything has been positive and poinying for a bright future For the newer usage of the drug, the solution is still highly experimental.
@Volpa mogs
#volpamogs
you did good boyo
