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The long-face growth pattern is characterized by excessive vertical growth of the maxilla and mandibular deformity resulting in disproportionate facial length . Depending on the extent of posterior maxillary vertical excess growth and the degree of eruption of the maxillary molars, the long face may be associated with an anterior open bite. This type of developmental alteration is increasing in the juvenile population and is often detectable in patients with predominantly oral breathing (diurnal and/or nocturnal).
Subjects with a long face present a gummy smile, lip incompetence (inability to keep the lips closed) at rest, lengthening of the lower third of the face, excessively open mandibular angle, "narrow" upper jaw, tendency to bite open anterior, excessive eruption of the upper and lower incisors, lower lip very rolled outwards, zygomatic and maxillary profiles "flat" in lateral view (flat face). Dental malocclusion can be absent, often class II or, more rarely, class III, sometimes combined with a slight mandibular deviation and upper dental overcrowding.
The surgical correction of the long-face involves the maxillary elevation osteotomy (to reduce the excessive height of the maxilla and make the gingival smile disappear) and the mandible repositioning osteotomy. In the presence of a narrow palate, further segmentation of the upper jaw can be performed to allow for immediate expansion.
Rhinoplasty frequently must also be combined with a vertical reduction genioplasty to "shorten" a too long chin or an advancement genioplasty to accentuate the profile of a "receding" and backward chin. Breathing difficulties can be corrected by vertically expanding the nasal passages and performing turbinate decongestion and septoplasty during the same surgical procedure.
The appearance of the gingival smile is something all patients with a long face feel strongly about and can be corrected based on the extent of the gingival show. Factors that influence the entity of the gingival smile are the excessive eruption of the upper incisors and canines, the transversal deficiency of the upper jaw (the narrower the jaw the more the gum is visible), a particularly short upper lip.
In the pre-operative planning, the aesthetic considerations on the correction of the gummy smile and the dental show (that is the fact of showing a little of the upper incisors with the lips at rest) must take into account various factors and personal parameters of the patient. A slight gummy smile (1.5-3 mm) can be pleasant and give a healthier smile to a face, especially a female one; an incisive show of about 3 mm with the lips at rest makes a female face more attractive and captivating.
Subjects with a long face present a gummy smile, lip incompetence (inability to keep the lips closed) at rest, lengthening of the lower third of the face, excessively open mandibular angle, "narrow" upper jaw, tendency to bite open anterior, excessive eruption of the upper and lower incisors, lower lip very rolled outwards, zygomatic and maxillary profiles "flat" in lateral view (flat face). Dental malocclusion can be absent, often class II or, more rarely, class III, sometimes combined with a slight mandibular deviation and upper dental overcrowding.
The surgical correction of the long-face involves the maxillary elevation osteotomy (to reduce the excessive height of the maxilla and make the gingival smile disappear) and the mandible repositioning osteotomy. In the presence of a narrow palate, further segmentation of the upper jaw can be performed to allow for immediate expansion.
Rhinoplasty frequently must also be combined with a vertical reduction genioplasty to "shorten" a too long chin or an advancement genioplasty to accentuate the profile of a "receding" and backward chin. Breathing difficulties can be corrected by vertically expanding the nasal passages and performing turbinate decongestion and septoplasty during the same surgical procedure.
The appearance of the gingival smile is something all patients with a long face feel strongly about and can be corrected based on the extent of the gingival show. Factors that influence the entity of the gingival smile are the excessive eruption of the upper incisors and canines, the transversal deficiency of the upper jaw (the narrower the jaw the more the gum is visible), a particularly short upper lip.
In the pre-operative planning, the aesthetic considerations on the correction of the gummy smile and the dental show (that is the fact of showing a little of the upper incisors with the lips at rest) must take into account various factors and personal parameters of the patient. A slight gummy smile (1.5-3 mm) can be pleasant and give a healthier smile to a face, especially a female one; an incisive show of about 3 mm with the lips at rest makes a female face more attractive and captivating.
Faccia lunga (long-face) | YourFace.it
Il pattern di crescita denominato long-face è caratterizzato da un eccesso di crescita verticale del mascellare superiore e deformità mandibolare che comporta una sproporzionata lunghezza del viso. In base all’entità dell’eccesso di crescita verticale posteriore del mascellare e al grado di...
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