eye mouth eye angle

[paulie_walnuts]

Eye-mouth-eye angle as a good indicator of face masculinization, asymmetry, and attractiveness (Homo sapiens).

Abstract

Past research on male facial attractiveness has been limited by the reliance on facialmetric measures that are less than ideal. In particular, some of these measures are face size dependent and show only weak sexual dimorphism, which limits the ability to identify the relationship between masculinization and attractiveness. Here, the authors show that eye-mouth-eye (EME) angle is a quantitative and face size independent trait that is sexually dimorphic and a good indicator of masculinity and face symmetry. Using frontal photographs of female and male faces, the authors first confirmed that the EME angle (measured with the vertex in the middle of the mouth and the arms crossing the centers of pupils) was highly sexually dimorphic. Then, using pictures of young male faces whose attractiveness was assessed on a 7-point scale by young women, the authors showed that attractiveness rate was negatively correlated with EME angle and with the angle asymmetry. The results are compared with those that could be obtained with interpupilary or upper face height measurements. The authors discuss the relationship between attractiveness and both EME angle and its symmetry in the light of evolutionary psychology.

We found that male faces with relatively smaller EME angles (i.e., moremasculinized facial feature with respect to the studied trait) wereperceived by women as more attractive. These findings suggest that EME is valuable even in a highly homogenous population. Tothe extent that this trait is related with the level of masculinity, itmight reflect higher level of androgens during the time when thefacial features develop during male ontogeny (for more discussionon male facial development, see Enlow, 1990; Tanner, 1989).Because androgens may disturb immunocompetence (Barber,1995; Fink & Neave, 2005; Fink & Penton-Voak, 2002; Folstad &Karter, 1992; for comprehensive discussion, see also Moshkin,Gerlinskaya, & Evsikov, 2000), then the EME angle could be anew indicator of a man’s ability to display traits that are metabol-ically expensive and costly to develop, and thus a signal of hisunderlying biological fitness. Thus, the preferences for more mas-culinized faces (i.e., those with smaller EME angle) could be newevidence supporting the handicap principle by Zahavi (1975)


[...]


EME angle depends on two facialmetric traits: interpupilarydistance (IPD) and upper face height. More precisely, EME anglereflects the trigonometric proportion of these two facial measure-ments. Because these traits can be more easily measured than EMEangle, we examined the correlations between EME angle and eachof these two traits and found that these correlations are only slight.


[...]


However, in contrast to EME angle,neither of these two traits correlate significantly with facial attrac-tiveness.


[...]


This means that EME angle is a featurethat provides new information in addition to the traits on which itis constructed.In contrary to EME angle, the distances between the outer andinner eye corners and horizontal eye separation (IPD) are notcorrelated with male attractiveness (Cunningham, Barbee, & Pike,1990; Grammer & Thornhill, 1994). A further trait that mayinfluence EME angle value is the lower face length (from thepupils to the tip of the chin). This feature is considered to besexually dimorphic (Koehler et al., 2004; Penton-Voak et al.,2001; Scheib et al., 1999), but the relationship of this trait withattractiveness is inconclusive, with some studies finding a positivecorrelation (Scheib et al., 1999) and others finding no correlation(Danel & Pawlowski, 2006; Penton-Voak et al., 2001). An addi-tional argument for using EME angle instead of only IPD or faceheight is that EME angle is independent of the face size (an anglesize of a triangle does not depend on the triangle size). This meansthat EME angle can be used for easy comparisons between differ-ent faces independently of the facial size or facial-photo format.Altogether, our results indicate that EME angle is an uncompli-cated facial index that does not duplicate information provided byexisting facialmetric traits and allows for the examination of thelinks between facial masculinity and attractiveness.

Using the photos of the 45 cadets, we measured the EME angleto assess the level of asymmetry between the right and left part of the angle. The right part of the EME angle was measured betweenthe line that started in the middle of the mouth and ended in themiddle of the right pupil and a facial midline defined by twoanthropological points: stomion (middle of the mouth) and nasion(for appropriate definitions, see Farkas, 1981). Similarly, but withthe line that ended in the middle of the left pupil, we measured theleft part of the EME angle (see Figure 1). The full EME angle wasthe sum of these two parts of this angle.

Eye-mouth-eye angle as a good indicator of face masculinization, asymmetry, and attractiveness (Homo sapiens) - PubMed

Past research on male facial attractiveness has been limited by the reliance on facialmetric measures that are less than ideal. In particular, some of these measures are face size dependent and show only weak sexual dimorphism, which limits the ability to identify the relationship between...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

[MD_Hopeful69]

The examples you give are all differing in facial expression

 

[The Dude Abides]

interesting

 

[You]

The examples you give are all differing in facial expression

it doesn't make a difference

 

[im_still_here]

brutal

 

[im_still_here]

interesting