Genetics of skin Colour in European populations

[reptiles]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4495261/

Introduction
Skin pigmentation in European populations demonstrates significant phenotypic variance on a continuum from light to dark coloring. This large-scale study conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) followed by functional genomic analyses to elucidate the underlying genetic architecture influencing normal variation in skin color.
Analysis
The GWAS discovery phase included 17,262 participants from 3 cohorts - the Rotterdam Study, Brisbane Twin Nevus Study, and TwinsUK registry. Quantitative skin color measurements were derived from digital photographs, clinician grading, and self-reports. Genotyping was performed using Illumina arrays followed by imputation to 1000 Genomes phase 1 reference panels. Linear regression models assuming additive allelic effects were used to test associations between ~11 million genetic variants and skin pigmentation phenotypes.
Five genomic loci reached genome-wide significance (p<5x10-8), including genes known to be involved in melanogenesis pathways: SLC45A2, IRF4, HERC2/OCA2, and MC1R. Additionally, a novel signal was detected spanning 1.5Mb on chromosome 20q11.22 harboring the ASIP gene. A genetic risk score constructed from the top 9 SNPs explained up to 16.3% of variance in skin color, with HERC2 rs12913832 exerting the largest effect (5%).
Functional experiments assessed expression quantitative trait loci effects for 22 genes within the 20q11.22 locus in melanocytic skin samples (n=6) and epidermal skin tissues (n=29) stratified by pigmentation level. GSS demonstrated significantly higher expression associated with darker pigmentation (p=0.0007) and is thus nominated as a novel candidate.
Summary
In summary, integration of GWAS and functional genomics techniques identified HERC2, SLC45A2, IRF4, OCA2, MC1R, and GSS as key genes regulating normal variation in skin pigmentation among Europeans. The top variants jointly account for up to 16.3% of phenotype variability, highlighting the polygenic nature of pigmentary traits.


So in other words words according to this study SLC45A2, IRF4, HERC2/OCA2, and MC1R. Had a 16.3 percent explanatory rate of explaining skin color variation in Europeans. In other words for gene editing of kids with crispr we could in theory inject these 5 genes at the specific locations where the melancocytes are preset

 

[Deleted member 23558]

No skin colour for bones skull metrics and ratios . Sorry

 

[IAMNOTANINCEL]

Why does this matter

 

[reptiles]

Why does this matter

Skin colour is genetics so we could reverse engineer it to try and get thom strijjd tier skin as skin is down to your melanocytes and unlike your height skin colour doesn't have a fused plate

 

[reptiles]

No skin colour for bones skull metrics and ratios . Sorry

No shit but most curries with thom strijjd skin colour would be a trillion x better

 

[Napoleon1800]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4495261/

Introduction
Skin pigmentation in European populations demonstrates significant phenotypic variance on a continuum from light to dark coloring. This large-scale study conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) followed by functional genomic analyses to elucidate the underlying genetic architecture influencing normal variation in skin color.
Analysis
The GWAS discovery phase included 17,262 participants from 3 cohorts - the Rotterdam Study, Brisbane Twin Nevus Study, and TwinsUK registry. Quantitative skin color measurements were derived from digital photographs, clinician grading, and self-reports. Genotyping was performed using Illumina arrays followed by imputation to 1000 Genomes phase 1 reference panels. Linear regression models assuming additive allelic effects were used to test associations between ~11 million genetic variants and skin pigmentation phenotypes.
Five genomic loci reached genome-wide significance (p<5x10-8), including genes known to be involved in melanogenesis pathways: SLC45A2, IRF4, HERC2/OCA2, and MC1R. Additionally, a novel signal was detected spanning 1.5Mb on chromosome 20q11.22 harboring the ASIP gene. A genetic risk score constructed from the top 9 SNPs explained up to 16.3% of variance in skin color, with HERC2 rs12913832 exerting the largest effect (5%).
Functional experiments assessed expression quantitative trait loci effects for 22 genes within the 20q11.22 locus in melanocytic skin samples (n=6) and epidermal skin tissues (n=29) stratified by pigmentation level. GSS demonstrated significantly higher expression associated with darker pigmentation (p=0.0007) and is thus nominated as a novel candidate.
Summary
In summary, integration of GWAS and functional genomics techniques identified HERC2, SLC45A2, IRF4, OCA2, MC1R, and GSS as key genes regulating normal variation in skin pigmentation among Europeans. The top variants jointly account for up to 16.3% of phenotype variability, highlighting the polygenic nature of pigmentary traits.


So in other words words according to this study SLC45A2, IRF4, HERC2/OCA2, and MC1R. Had a 16.3 percent explanatory rate of explaining skin color variation in Europeans. In other words for gene editing of kids with crispr we could in theory inject these 5 genes at the specific locations where the melancocytes are preset

Too retarded to read just tell what I need to do to get mogger skin colour and undertones

 

[reptiles]

Too retarded to read just tell what I need to do to get mogger skin colour and undertones

this study only showed 16.3 percent of the effects