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topology

topology

igf 1 signaller/sugarmaxxer
Joined
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Read bio, PM me if you understand. No, it's not a joke or a "meme" reference.
 
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No im good thanks for wondering
 
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Oh yeah it surely isn't a nocturnal kent reference
 
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When you finnaly see the white van that has free candy written on it driving around your neighborhood your dad be talking about

IMG 7268
 
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I haven’t been to a restaurant in years.
 
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i hear @Banned User is very interested
 
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When you finnaly see the “free candy” white van driving through your neighborhood your dad be talking about

View attachment 4899074
I'm not a pedophile.

Well the guys that came up w "sugarmaxxing" know lol
I don't indulge in such garbage. I'm not a little boy.


I haven’t been to a restaurant in years.
Not relevant... If you people don't know what I'm saying and think it's surface level, don't PM me.
 
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Those who understandation 💀💀
 
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Come on my man. The famous tiktoker doing the whole igf-1 signaling thing. Androgenic's best bud
I don’t use tiktok i have no clue what you are rambling about :KEKWlaugh::KEKWlaugh:
 
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None of you people understand.
Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) signaling is a fundamental endocrine and paracrine pathway that governs cell growth, proliferation, and survival across multiple tissues in mammals. IGF1, a 70-amino-acid peptide hormone structurally homologous to insulin, is predominantly produced in the liver in response to growth hormone (GH) stimulation from the anterior pituitary. Once secreted, IGF1 circulates in plasma primarily bound to high-affinity IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), which regulate its bioavailability, extend its half-life, and prevent premature degradation. The signaling process initiates when free IGF1 binds to the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R), a heterotetrameric receptor tyrosine kinase composed of two extracellular α-subunits and two transmembrane β-subunits. Ligand binding induces conformational changes, leading to autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the intracellular kinase domain and the recruitment of adaptor proteins such as insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Shc, thereby propagating downstream signals that integrate metabolic and mitogenic responses.


Activation of IGF1R triggers two primary intracellular cascades: the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR pathway and the Ras/Raf/MAPK/ERK pathway. In the PI3K branch, phosphorylated IRS-1 recruits and activates PI3K, generating PIP3 at the plasma membrane, which in turn activates Akt (protein kinase B). Akt then phosphorylates targets including mTOR, promoting protein synthesis, cell hypertrophy, and anti-apoptotic effects by inhibiting factors like BAD and FOXO transcription factors. Parallel to this, the MAPK pathway is engaged through Grb2-SOS-mediated Ras activation, culminating in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation to drive gene expression for cell-cycle progression and differentiation. These pathways are finely tuned by negative regulators such as PTEN (which dephosphorylates PIP3) and phosphatases like PTP1B, ensuring that signaling intensity matches physiological demands and preventing unchecked cellular activity.


Physiologically, IGF1 signaling orchestrates key processes including embryonic and postnatal development, tissue maintenance, and metabolic homeostasis. During fetal growth, it supports organogenesis by stimulating chondrocyte proliferation in growth plates and myoblast fusion in skeletal muscle. In adults, it facilitates muscle hypertrophy in response to exercise or injury, enhances bone mineral density, and modulates insulin sensitivity by promoting glucose uptake via GLUT4 translocation. In the brain, IGF1 crosses the blood-brain barrier to exert neuroprotective effects, enhancing synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis while countering oxidative stress. Disruptions in this pathway manifest as extremes: excessive signaling accelerates growth and maturation, whereas deficiency—often due to GH resistance or IGF1 gene mutations—results in conditions like Laron syndrome, characterized by short stature and delayed development.


In pathological states, dysregulation of IGF1 signaling contributes to a spectrum of diseases, most notably cancer and metabolic disorders. Overactivation, frequently driven by IGF1R overexpression or autocrine IGF1 production in tumors, promotes oncogenesis by enhancing proliferation, invasion, and resistance to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in cancers of the breast, prostate, and colon. Conversely, attenuated signaling, as seen in caloric restriction or genetic models with reduced IGF1 levels, extends lifespan in organisms from worms to mice by delaying age-related pathologies such as neurodegeneration and cardiovascular decline. This duality has spurred therapeutic innovation: IGF1R-targeted monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are in clinical trials for oncology, while recombinant IGF1 or pathway enhancers are explored for treating sarcopenia, growth failure, and certain forms of diabetes. Precise modulation of IGF1 signaling thus remains a promising frontier for balancing growth benefits against disease risks.

See bro yes I do
 
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Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) signaling is a fundamental endocrine and paracrine pathway that governs cell growth, proliferation, and survival across multiple tissues in mammals. IGF1, a 70-amino-acid peptide hormone structurally homologous to insulin, is predominantly produced in the liver in response to growth hormone (GH) stimulation from the anterior pituitary. Once secreted, IGF1 circulates in plasma primarily bound to high-affinity IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), which regulate its bioavailability, extend its half-life, and prevent premature degradation. The signaling process initiates when free IGF1 binds to the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R), a heterotetrameric receptor tyrosine kinase composed of two extracellular α-subunits and two transmembrane β-subunits. Ligand binding induces conformational changes, leading to autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the intracellular kinase domain and the recruitment of adaptor proteins such as insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Shc, thereby propagating downstream signals that integrate metabolic and mitogenic responses.


Activation of IGF1R triggers two primary intracellular cascades: the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR pathway and the Ras/Raf/MAPK/ERK pathway. In the PI3K branch, phosphorylated IRS-1 recruits and activates PI3K, generating PIP3 at the plasma membrane, which in turn activates Akt (protein kinase B). Akt then phosphorylates targets including mTOR, promoting protein synthesis, cell hypertrophy, and anti-apoptotic effects by inhibiting factors like BAD and FOXO transcription factors. Parallel to this, the MAPK pathway is engaged through Grb2-SOS-mediated Ras activation, culminating in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation to drive gene expression for cell-cycle progression and differentiation. These pathways are finely tuned by negative regulators such as PTEN (which dephosphorylates PIP3) and phosphatases like PTP1B, ensuring that signaling intensity matches physiological demands and preventing unchecked cellular activity.


Physiologically, IGF1 signaling orchestrates key processes including embryonic and postnatal development, tissue maintenance, and metabolic homeostasis. During fetal growth, it supports organogenesis by stimulating chondrocyte proliferation in growth plates and myoblast fusion in skeletal muscle. In adults, it facilitates muscle hypertrophy in response to exercise or injury, enhances bone mineral density, and modulates insulin sensitivity by promoting glucose uptake via GLUT4 translocation. In the brain, IGF1 crosses the blood-brain barrier to exert neuroprotective effects, enhancing synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis while countering oxidative stress. Disruptions in this pathway manifest as extremes: excessive signaling accelerates growth and maturation, whereas deficiency—often due to GH resistance or IGF1 gene mutations—results in conditions like Laron syndrome, characterized by short stature and delayed development.


In pathological states, dysregulation of IGF1 signaling contributes to a spectrum of diseases, most notably cancer and metabolic disorders. Overactivation, frequently driven by IGF1R overexpression or autocrine IGF1 production in tumors, promotes oncogenesis by enhancing proliferation, invasion, and resistance to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in cancers of the breast, prostate, and colon. Conversely, attenuated signaling, as seen in caloric restriction or genetic models with reduced IGF1 levels, extends lifespan in organisms from worms to mice by delaying age-related pathologies such as neurodegeneration and cardiovascular decline. This duality has spurred therapeutic innovation: IGF1R-targeted monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are in clinical trials for oncology, while recombinant IGF1 or pathway enhancers are explored for treating sarcopenia, growth failure, and certain forms of diabetes. Precise modulation of IGF1 signaling thus remains a promising frontier for balancing growth benefits against disease risks.

See bro yes I do
Not relevant.
 
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Im not interested in your gay bullshit keep the fuck away from me
 
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Read bio, PM me if you understand. No, it's not a joke or a "meme" reference.
i don't understand but it is sm kind of group, probably to do with money?

i am not attempting to call u low iq but if ur trying to be discreet it is kind of obvious
 
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i don't understand but it is sm kind of group, probably to do with money?

i am not attempting to call u low iq but if ur trying to be discreet it is kind of obvious
If it were a group, would it warrant a call to action?

It's not what you may think.
 
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Omg thx so much 🙏🏾 topology
 
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@mohito why sad ??
 
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Nigga aura farming on our ass :lul:
 

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