Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are a specialized extracellular matrix around interneurons in the brain that have been suggested to be a permissive factor that allows synaptic plasticity in the adolescent brain. The degradation of PNNs caused by chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) may generate induced juvenile-like plasticity (iPlasticity) and promote experience-dependent plasticity in the adult brain.
The perineuronal net is a stabilizer around neurons that prevents new neurons growth, the disassembly of this PNN allows new neurons to form, adaptability and neuroplasticity.
It can reopen critical periods of the brain, though somewhat limited. The dissolution of the PNN has been observed to reopen the visual system of the brain, to which a dominant eye is assigned. If the dominant eye is sutured during the normal critical phase, an ocular dominance shift occurs to the other eye. It was observed through the dissolution of PNN that the original dominant eye can regain its innate dominance through this means.
The PNN has relevancy, somewhat, to language and sensory neurons, but it does not influence sensorimotor activities such as singing,
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