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Nam tiến (Vietnamese: [nam tǐən]; Hán tự: 南進; lit. "southward advance" or "march to the south") is a historiographical concept[a][2] that describes the historic southward expansion of the territory of Vietnamese dynasties' dominions from the 11th to the 19th centuries.[3][4] The concept of Nam tiến has differing interpretations, with some equating it to Viet colonialism of the south and to a series of wars and conflicts between several Vietnamese kingdomshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam_tiến#cite_note-6 and Champa Kingdoms, which resulted in the annexation and Vietnamization of the former Cham as well as indigenous territories.[c]
The Viet domain was gradually expanded from its original heartland in the Red River Delta into southern territories, which were controlled by the Champa kingdoms. In a span of some 700 years, the Viet domain tripled the area of its territory and more or less acquired the elongated shape of modern-day Vietnam.[5] Beginning in the 20th century, traditional Vietnamese historiography coined the term Nam tiến for what they believed to be a gradual, inevitable southern expansion of Vietnamese domains. According to the 20th-century Vietnamese scholars who constructed the Nam tiến as a continuous historical phenomenon, the 11th to the 14th centuries saw battle gains and losses as frontier territory changed hands between the Viet and the Chams during the early Cham–Viet wars. In the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries, the Vietnamese defeated the less centralized state of Champa and seized its capital in the 1471 Cham–Vietnamese War. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, Vietnamese settlers penetrated the Mekong Delta. The Nguyen Lords of Huế wrested the southernmost territory from Cambodia by diplomacy and by force, which completed the "March to the South".
The Muslim and Hindu Cham people were the remnants of the Kingdom of Champa, which had been conquered by Vietnam in a series of wars. The last remnant of the Cham Kingdom was conquered in 1832 by the expansionist Vietnamese Emperor Minh Mạng. The Cham under the Muslim preacher Katip Suma declared a Jihad against the Vietnamese but the uprising was eventually crushed. Ethnic Vietnamese colonists settled on Cham land where today they outnumber the native Cham.
The area of the Mekong Delta and Saigon formerly belonged to the Khmer Kingdom of Cambodia until its annexation by the Vietnamese Nguyễn lords who subsequently settled Vietnamese on the land, where they outnumber the native Khmer Krom.
The Viet domain was gradually expanded from its original heartland in the Red River Delta into southern territories, which were controlled by the Champa kingdoms. In a span of some 700 years, the Viet domain tripled the area of its territory and more or less acquired the elongated shape of modern-day Vietnam.[5] Beginning in the 20th century, traditional Vietnamese historiography coined the term Nam tiến for what they believed to be a gradual, inevitable southern expansion of Vietnamese domains. According to the 20th-century Vietnamese scholars who constructed the Nam tiến as a continuous historical phenomenon, the 11th to the 14th centuries saw battle gains and losses as frontier territory changed hands between the Viet and the Chams during the early Cham–Viet wars. In the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries, the Vietnamese defeated the less centralized state of Champa and seized its capital in the 1471 Cham–Vietnamese War. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, Vietnamese settlers penetrated the Mekong Delta. The Nguyen Lords of Huế wrested the southernmost territory from Cambodia by diplomacy and by force, which completed the "March to the South".
The Muslim and Hindu Cham people were the remnants of the Kingdom of Champa, which had been conquered by Vietnam in a series of wars. The last remnant of the Cham Kingdom was conquered in 1832 by the expansionist Vietnamese Emperor Minh Mạng. The Cham under the Muslim preacher Katip Suma declared a Jihad against the Vietnamese but the uprising was eventually crushed. Ethnic Vietnamese colonists settled on Cham land where today they outnumber the native Cham.
The area of the Mekong Delta and Saigon formerly belonged to the Khmer Kingdom of Cambodia until its annexation by the Vietnamese Nguyễn lords who subsequently settled Vietnamese on the land, where they outnumber the native Khmer Krom.
