brutalHARNAN
HarnanGOAT
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Maximize Growth During Puberty(late or early works for all)
Through Understanding Ihh and PTHrP Signaling
Introduction;
Ihh (Indian Hedgehog) and PTHrP (Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein) are key players in how bones grow. They control how cartilage cells in the growth plates of long bones develop and turn into bone, a process called endochondral ossification.
1: What is Ihh?
Ihh is a protein made by cartilage cells that are about to mature.
It helps control the pace of cell maturation and keeps the growth plate working properly.
Ihh in the Growth Plate
2:What is PTHrP?
PTHrP is made by cells in the resting zone of the growth plate.
It tells dividing cartilage cells to keep dividing and delay turning into bone, keeping the growth plate thick and active.
PTHrP Feedback Loop
3:How Ihh and PTHrP Work Together
1. Pre-hypertrophic cells produce Ihh.
2. Ihh signals resting cells to make PTHrP.
3. PTHrP tells proliferating cells to wait before becoming bone.
4. When PTHrP drops, cells mature and turn into bone.
Growth Plate Zones with Signaling
4: Conditions fro Ihh and PTHrP
Growth plates must be open.
Enough growth hormone (GH) and IGF-1.
Healthy thyroid hormone levels.
Balanced estrogen (high estrogen closes plates faster).
Good nutrition (protein, calcium, vitamin D).
Enough sleep (GH pulses during deep sleep).
5: How Cartilage Turns Into Bone (Endochondral Ossification)
1. Cartilage cells divide and grow.
2. Cells enlarge and cartilage matrix calcifies.
3. Blood vessels come in.
4. Bone cells (osteoblasts) lay down bone.
5. Cartilage becomes bone, making the bone longer.
Steps of Endochondral Ossification
6:Remember
Ihh and PTHrP control how fast growth plates mature.
Growth plates must be present for this to work.
Hormones, nutrition, and sleep support the system.
Mechanical stress supports bone health but doesn’t turn on Ihh/PTHrP.
Once growth plates close, Less chances but still can be possible ( Let's hope )
SOURCES
1. Kronenberg HM. Developmental regulation of the growth plate. Nature 2003;423:332–336.
2. St-Jacques B, Hammerschmidt M, McMahon AP. Indian hedgehog signaling regulates proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes and is essential for bone formation. Genes Dev.
1999;13:2072–2086.
3. Lanske B, Karaplis AC, et al. PTH/PTHrP receptor in growth plate development. Science. 1996;273:663–666.
Works for people ( <20 )
AND BEFORE YALL RETARD SAY SMTH JUST STFU
ASK QUESTIONS IF CONFUSION.
Through Understanding Ihh and PTHrP Signaling
Introduction;
Ihh (Indian Hedgehog) and PTHrP (Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein) are key players in how bones grow. They control how cartilage cells in the growth plates of long bones develop and turn into bone, a process called endochondral ossification.
1: What is Ihh?
Ihh is a protein made by cartilage cells that are about to mature.
It helps control the pace of cell maturation and keeps the growth plate working properly.
Ihh in the Growth Plate
2:What is PTHrP?
PTHrP is made by cells in the resting zone of the growth plate.
It tells dividing cartilage cells to keep dividing and delay turning into bone, keeping the growth plate thick and active.
PTHrP Feedback Loop
3:How Ihh and PTHrP Work Together
1. Pre-hypertrophic cells produce Ihh.
2. Ihh signals resting cells to make PTHrP.
3. PTHrP tells proliferating cells to wait before becoming bone.
4. When PTHrP drops, cells mature and turn into bone.
Growth Plate Zones with Signaling
4: Conditions fro Ihh and PTHrP
Growth plates must be open.
Enough growth hormone (GH) and IGF-1.
Healthy thyroid hormone levels.
Balanced estrogen (high estrogen closes plates faster).
Good nutrition (protein, calcium, vitamin D).
Enough sleep (GH pulses during deep sleep).
5: How Cartilage Turns Into Bone (Endochondral Ossification)
1. Cartilage cells divide and grow.
2. Cells enlarge and cartilage matrix calcifies.
3. Blood vessels come in.
4. Bone cells (osteoblasts) lay down bone.
5. Cartilage becomes bone, making the bone longer.
Steps of Endochondral Ossification
6:Remember
Ihh and PTHrP control how fast growth plates mature.
Growth plates must be present for this to work.
Hormones, nutrition, and sleep support the system.
Mechanical stress supports bone health but doesn’t turn on Ihh/PTHrP.
Once growth plates close, Less chances but still can be possible ( Let's hope )
SOURCES
1. Kronenberg HM. Developmental regulation of the growth plate. Nature 2003;423:332–336.
2. St-Jacques B, Hammerschmidt M, McMahon AP. Indian hedgehog signaling regulates proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes and is essential for bone formation. Genes Dev.
1999;13:2072–2086.
3. Lanske B, Karaplis AC, et al. PTH/PTHrP receptor in growth plate development. Science. 1996;273:663–666.
Works for people ( <20 )
AND BEFORE YALL RETARD SAY SMTH JUST STFU
ASK QUESTIONS IF CONFUSION.
