
pslgod69
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Introduction
Hi guys, this is my first guide in this forum, kinda excited. This guide is about PTH Analogs, especially Teriparatide and Abaloparatide
Increasing Bonemass
Increases in bonemass happens when Osteoblast activity exceeds Osteoclast activity, which means there are more "bone-forming" cells than "bone-resorbing" cells.
Osteoblasts are triggered by chemical reactions or hormones when a bone grows or changes. They create and release (secrete) a mix of proteins called bone matrix. Bone matrix is made of proteins like collagen mixed with calcium, phosphate and other minerals.
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a hormone that your parathyroid glands make and release to control the level of calcium in your blood.
The effect of PTH on osteoblasts depends heavily on how long and how often PTH is present:
1. Continuous PTH exposure
- Osteoblasts release signals that activate osteoclasts.- Osteoclasts resorb bone to release calcium into the blood.
- Effect: Bone breakdown --> loss of bone density.
2. Intermittent PTH exposure (as in teriparatide or abaloparatide)
- Short bursts of PTH stimulate osteoblast proliferation and activity.- Increase in osteoblast lifespan (less apoptosis = more bone formation time).
- Stimulates production of bone matrix proteins like collagen type I.
- Effect: Bone formation exceeds bone resorption --> bone mass increases.
Conclusion: When under continuous exposure to PTH (eg, hyperparathyroidism), bone undergoes resorption more than formation, while intermittent exposure to low dose PTH (like daily teriparatide use) induces bone formation more than resorption.
PTH and PTHrP Analogs
These analogs are usually used medically to treat osteoporosis, but we can use is for increasing general bonemass
A few of these analogs are Teriparatide (PTH) and Abaloparatide (PTHrP). Though they both stimulate the Osteoblast, they have a few key differences.
Here's the differences:
Feature | Teriparatide (PTH) | Abaloparatide (PTHrP) |
---|---|---|
Source | Human parathyroid hormone 1–34 | Human parathyroid hormone–related protein 1–34 |
Receptor target | PTH1 receptor | PTH1 receptor (different binding orientation, shorter signaling time) |
Bone anabolic effects | Strong | Slightly stronger in early months |
Hypercalcemia (bone cancer) risk | More common (~10–11%) | Less common (~3–4%) |
Injection | Daily subcutaneous | Daily subcutaneous |
Max use | 2 years | 2 years |
Cost | $1,500–$4,000/month (US) | $1,200–$2,500/month (US) |
Availability | Widely available worldwide | Less available, mostly US/EU |
Research and data | More clinical history and data | Newer, possibly faster BMD gains, but fewer long-term studies |
Now, it should've been obvious which one is better
Answer: Abaloparatide
supporting research:
supporting research:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK587447/"Traditional therapy for osteoporosis includes bisphosphonates and teriparatide. Studies have compared the efficacy of conventional treatment to abaloparatide. In a double-blind, controlled, randomized phase II clinical trial, the safety and efficacy of abaloparatide were assessed compared to teriparatide and placebo. Among these treatment groups, abaloparatide demonstrated superiority in enhancing overall BMD. A comparative study comparing 2 sequential therapies (2 years of initial teriparatide followed by alendronate therapy and 2 years of abaloparatide followed by alendronate therapy) demonstrated that abaloparatide followed by alendronate has a greater treatment efficacy."
Q: If it is obvious that abaloparatide is better on both effects and cost, why do some people still use teriparatide?
A: Teriparatide has been around much longer than abaloparatide, so doctors simply know a lot more about it. It’s been approved since 2002, giving researchers over twenty years worth of studies, follow-ups, and real world experience to see how it works and how safe it is. We’ve seen its benefits on bone density, fracture risk, and bone quality across all kinds of patients. Women after menopause, men with osteoporosis, and even people whose bones were weakened by long-term steroid use. Abaloparatide, on the other hand, only has been approved in 2017, so while it works in a similar way, it just doesn’t have the same long track record. That’s why many doctors feel more confident reaching for teriparatide when they want a proven, reliable option.
A: Teriparatide has been around much longer than abaloparatide, so doctors simply know a lot more about it. It’s been approved since 2002, giving researchers over twenty years worth of studies, follow-ups, and real world experience to see how it works and how safe it is. We’ve seen its benefits on bone density, fracture risk, and bone quality across all kinds of patients. Women after menopause, men with osteoporosis, and even people whose bones were weakened by long-term steroid use. Abaloparatide, on the other hand, only has been approved in 2017, so while it works in a similar way, it just doesn’t have the same long track record. That’s why many doctors feel more confident reaching for teriparatide when they want a proven, reliable option.
Downsides of Using Analogs
If there's good, there's bad. Here's some major downsides of using PTH or PTHrP analogs:
- High cost : These drugs are expensive, costing thousands of dollars per month without insurance.
- Limited use window : Because of a potential risk of bone tumors seen in animal studies, treatment usually limited to 2 years total in a lifetime.
- Possible side effects : Common ones include nausea, dizziness, leg cramps, and increased calcium levels in blood or urine. Rarely, they can cause kidney stones.
- Bone loss after stopping : The gains in bone density can drop off if another bone protecting treatment (like bisphosphonates) isn’t used afterward.
."Warnings
Osteosarcoma: The FDA has removed the box warnings regarding osteosarcoma. However, the FDA still recommends avoiding teriparatide in patients with predisposing conditions, which can increase the risk of osteosarcoma. Conditions include Paget disease of bone, history of primary or secondary skeletal malignancy, history of ionizing radiation involving the skeleton, pediatric and young patients with open epiphysis, and hereditary disorders increasing the risk of osteosarcoma. According to the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) guidelines, teriparatide should be avoided in patients with increased alkaline phosphatase of skeletal origin.
Calciphylaxis and cutaneous calcification: A potential risk of calciphylaxis and cutaneous calcification is apparent. Use caution in patients with risk factors for calciphylaxis, such as chronic kidney disease, autoimmune disorders, and concurrent warfarin or systemic corticosteroid use.
Hypercalcemia: Teriparatide can cause hypercalcemia and may worsen hypercalcemia in patients with pre-existing hypercalcemia. Avoid the use of teriparatide in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
Risk of Urolithiasis: Use in patients with hypercalciuria and urolithiasis should be considered after a risk-benefit evaluation, as teriparatide causes hypercalciuria, which promotes urinary stones. Monitor urinary calcium excretion."
."Box Warnings
Abaloparatide is contraindicated in individuals with a history of systemic hypersensitivity to either abaloparatide or its excipients. Cases of eczema and urticaria have been reported.
Warning and Precautions
Abaloparatide previously carried a boxed warning for an increased risk of osteosarcoma, but the FDA has removed this warning when retaining information about osteosarcoma as a caution. In a 2-year animal study, abaloparatide administration showed increased events of osteosarcoma and osteoblastoma. A comprehensive pathology study of rats undergoing prolonged parathyroid hormone analog treatment exhibited increased rates of osteosarcoma, osteosarcoma-related mortality, and metastatic potential. This is not advisable in patients who have open epiphyses or those who have a genetic predisposition to osteosarcoma.
Abaloparatide use is also not recommended in patients with Paget disease, idiopathic increased alkaline phosphatase levels, open epiphyseal plates, or bone malignancies. Abaloparatide should not be given to patients who have previously undergone implant radiation therapy or external beam radiotherapy that involved their skeleton. There is an increased risk of hypercalciuria, urolithiasis, and postural hypotension."
Closing
Thank you for reading, hope you all enjoy. Forgive me if there's any inaccuracy, bad english, bad formatting, wrong use of words, and anything else.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559248/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK587447/
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3874264/#S3
https://www.drugs.com/drug-class/parathyroid-hormone-and-analogs.html
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-59665-7
https://biologyinsights.com/osteoblasts-and-osteoclasts-their-role-in-bone-remodeling/
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/24871-osteoblasts-and-osteoclasts
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22355-parathyroid-hormone
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499940/
https://www.clinicalcorrelations.org/2016/03/03/pth-versus-pthrp-small-differences-big-implications/
chatgpt
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK587447/
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3874264/#S3
https://www.drugs.com/drug-class/parathyroid-hormone-and-analogs.html
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-025-59665-7
https://biologyinsights.com/osteoblasts-and-osteoclasts-their-role-in-bone-remodeling/
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/24871-osteoblasts-and-osteoclasts
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22355-parathyroid-hormone
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499940/
https://www.clinicalcorrelations.org/2016/03/03/pth-versus-pthrp-small-differences-big-implications/
chatgpt
spam rep this low effor thread