mytochondria
Iron
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"Drugs are muh bad muh"

YEAH IF YOU'RE A RETARD
YEAH IF YOU'RE A RETARD
So today let's take a look at the therapeutic/positive effects of drugs and how they could mean the future of pharmacy.
Thread Song:
KETAMINE
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KETAMINE

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Ketamine is an NMDA receptor antagonist, but its effects go far beyond simply producing dissociation.
Antidepressant effects
One of the most interesting findings is that ketamine can produce rapid antidepressant effects, sometimes within hours rather than the weeks typically associated with conventional antidepressants.
NMDA antagonism → increased glutamate signaling → AMPA activation → BDNF/mTOR signaling → synaptic plasticity
This can increase the formation and strengthening of synaptic connections.
Neuroplasticity
Preclinical research suggests ketamine can increase:
- dendritic spine formation
- synaptic density
- AMPA-mediated transmission
- BDNF signaling
- mTOR activity
AMPHETAMINES

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Its therapeutic use is particularly established in ADHD.
Attention & executive function
In people with ADHD, appropriately prescribed stimulants can improve:
- sustained attention
- response inhibition
- working memory
- task persistence
- executive functioning
Dopamine & motivation
Dopamine isn’t simply the “pleasure chemical.”
It is heavily involved in:
motivation → salience → reinforcement → effort allocation → learning
Increasing catecholaminergic signaling in relevant brain circuits can therefore improve the ability to initiate and maintain goal-directed behavior.
PSYCHEDELICS

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Classic psychedelics such as psilocybin and LSD primarily act through the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor.
They’re particularly interesting because they appear capable of producing both acute changes in brain network activity and longer-lasting changes in psychological functioning.
Neuroplasticity
Preclinical psychedelic research has found effects including:
- increased dendritic growth
- increased dendritic spine density
- increased synaptogenesis
- increased BDNF-related signaling
- increased structural plasticity
Essentially:
Psychedelic → 5-HT2A activation → intracellular signaling → increased plasticity
PSYLOCIBIN AND DEPRESSION
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Psilocybin-assisted therapy has produced significant antidepressant effects in clinical trials.------------------------------------
One interesting aspect is that the psychological experience appears to matter.
Rather than simply suppressing symptoms pharmacologically, psychedelic therapy may potentially facilitate:
increased emotional processing + cognitive flexibility + changes in self-referential thinking
LSD & NEUROPLASTICITY
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LSD is another 5-HT2A agonist with potent psychedelic effects.-------------------------------------
Research suggests psychedelics can influence several pathways associated with plasticity, including:
5-HT2A → glutamatergic signaling → BDNF → TrkB → downstream plasticity pathways
This is why psychedelics are increasingly being studied as potential psychoplastogens rather than merely as hallucinogens.
Hope y'all have fun reading this
:feelshah::feelshah: