BrahminBoss
Our battle will be LEGENDARY
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From Travis:
Potassium iodide in high milligram doses, per day, is an effective way to go about this. This is because the iodide ion (I⁻) is oxidized by neutrophil peroxidase to hypoiodite (IO⁻), the most effective immunogenic small molecule against yeast cells. This has been experimentally-confirmed, and very likely why potassium iodide has been reported as being effective in clinical case reports. Although myeloperoxidase can oxidize other halogens, such as chloride (Cl⁻) and bromide (Br⁻), the kinetic rates of formation are much lower for these ions. Thiocyanate can also be used, forming hypothiocyanite (SCN⁻), yet this is similarly less-effective than the hypoiodite (IO⁻) product.
The order of oxidative potential is as follows: SCN⁻ > IO⁻ > Cl⁻ > Br⁻.
Although hypocyanite (SCN⁻) is a more powerful oxidant, it is formed at a far lower speed than hypoiodite (IO⁻). What also makes the iodide ion (I⁻) product particularly effective is its high pKa, meaning that the HIO ⇌ IO⁻ equilibrium lies far to the left. Hypoiodite is actually the only hypohalogen—or pseudo-hypohalogen in the case of SCN⁻—that exists primarily in the neutral protonated state. This fact, along with the polarizability of the large iodine ion, would be expected to give hypoiodous acid (HIO) a far greater membrane affinity than the other myeloperoxidase products. It is in this location that hypoiodous acid oxidizes cell membrane chitin and yeast β-glycans, forming insoluble compounds and subsequent membrane pores. This reaction forms the basis of classic chemical test: When determining the extent of aldehyde groups on cellulose—another β-linked polysaccharide—hypoiodite is the only hypohalogen ever used. The iodide ion also has a natural affinity for polysaccharides, a phenomenon that forms the basis of another classic test: The starch–iodide reaction, commonly used to detect counterfeit money.
The established capacity of iodide to destroy yeast in vivo occurs in concentrations far lower than those required for a direct inhibitory effect. Although you hear talk that thyroid hormone could be responsible for these effects, this is just a knee-jerk assumption made by people unaware of neutrophil myeloperoxidase. I would expect Armour thyroid to be far less effective against C. albicans.
@thereallegend @Jpg @7zyzz7
Potassium iodide in high milligram doses, per day, is an effective way to go about this. This is because the iodide ion (I⁻) is oxidized by neutrophil peroxidase to hypoiodite (IO⁻), the most effective immunogenic small molecule against yeast cells. This has been experimentally-confirmed, and very likely why potassium iodide has been reported as being effective in clinical case reports. Although myeloperoxidase can oxidize other halogens, such as chloride (Cl⁻) and bromide (Br⁻), the kinetic rates of formation are much lower for these ions. Thiocyanate can also be used, forming hypothiocyanite (SCN⁻), yet this is similarly less-effective than the hypoiodite (IO⁻) product.
The order of oxidative potential is as follows: SCN⁻ > IO⁻ > Cl⁻ > Br⁻.
Although hypocyanite (SCN⁻) is a more powerful oxidant, it is formed at a far lower speed than hypoiodite (IO⁻). What also makes the iodide ion (I⁻) product particularly effective is its high pKa, meaning that the HIO ⇌ IO⁻ equilibrium lies far to the left. Hypoiodite is actually the only hypohalogen—or pseudo-hypohalogen in the case of SCN⁻—that exists primarily in the neutral protonated state. This fact, along with the polarizability of the large iodine ion, would be expected to give hypoiodous acid (HIO) a far greater membrane affinity than the other myeloperoxidase products. It is in this location that hypoiodous acid oxidizes cell membrane chitin and yeast β-glycans, forming insoluble compounds and subsequent membrane pores. This reaction forms the basis of classic chemical test: When determining the extent of aldehyde groups on cellulose—another β-linked polysaccharide—hypoiodite is the only hypohalogen ever used. The iodide ion also has a natural affinity for polysaccharides, a phenomenon that forms the basis of another classic test: The starch–iodide reaction, commonly used to detect counterfeit money.
The established capacity of iodide to destroy yeast in vivo occurs in concentrations far lower than those required for a direct inhibitory effect. Although you hear talk that thyroid hormone could be responsible for these effects, this is just a knee-jerk assumption made by people unaware of neutrophil myeloperoxidase. I would expect Armour thyroid to be far less effective against C. albicans.
@thereallegend @Jpg @7zyzz7
