Kingkellz
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Resistance training aka strength training/weight training (basically 'lifting weights') is the use of resistance to muscular contraction to build the strength, anaerobic endurance and size of skeletal muscles.
Why Is Muscularity Sexy? Tests of the
Fitness Indicator Hypothesis
The results across six studies support the hypothesis
that muscularity is a sexually selected fitness cue. Women
rated muscular men as more sexually desirable than both
non-muscular men and very muscular men, as predicted
by our inverted-U hypothesis of masculine traits.
Also consistent with our predictions, women
inferred that muscular men were more physically dominant,
more volatile, and less likely to show commitment
than less muscular men, a pattern consistent with
research on other testosterone-linked fitness indicators
such as facial masculinity.
Women
reported that their past short-term sex partners were
more muscular than their most recent sex partners
across two measures of muscularity. Consistent with
past research on fitness cues (Hughes & Gallup, 2003;
Thornhill & Gangestad, 1994), muscular men rated
their bodies as sexier to women, reported more lifetime
and short-term sex partners, and reported more affairs
with mated women when controlling for other variables
(age, body fat level, and self-esteem).
Three sets of photographs of men's bodies were shown to raters who estimated either their physical strength or their attractiveness. Estimates of physical strength determined over 70% of men's bodily attractiveness.
Contrary to popular theories of men's physical attractiveness, there was no evidence of a nonlinear effect; the strongest men were the most attractive in all samples.
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Subscription and open access journals from SAGE Publishing, the world's leading independent academic publisher.
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They wanted to estimate women’s and men’s size preferences for each muscle. They found that overall, men and women think bigger muscles are more attractive than smaller ones.
The Influence of Body Composition Effects on Male Facial Masculinity and Attractiveness
Body mass index (BMI) and its facial correlates influence a range of perceptions including masculinity and attractiveness. BMI conflates body fat and muscle which are sexually dimorphic because men typically have more muscle but less fat than women. We ...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Body size has an impact on a variety of social judgments including attractiveness, strength, dominance, leadership and employment.
Women like muscles but men are intimidated by them
The relative importance of intra- and intersexual selection on human male sexually dimorphic traits
Recent evidence suggests that in sexual selection on human males, intrasexual competition plays a larger role than female choice. In a sample of men (…
www.sciencedirect.com
Formidability assessment mechanisms: Examining their speed and automaticity
Throughout vertebrate evolution, asymmetries in the ability to inflict costs on others (i.e., formidability) have determined the outcomes of contests …
www.sciencedirect.com
People spend more time looking at individuals who look more formidable.
Researchers found that after viewing each image for only 33 milliseconds (about 0.03 seconds), participants’ ratings of how strong the men looked were correlated with how strong the men actually were, as revealed by their handgrip strength measures. People instantly and accurately estimated how strong the men were.
The researchers suggest, "formidability may begin to influence the course of social interactions almost as soon as they have begun.”
Resistance training and cardiovascular benefits
Push-up Exercise Capacity and Future Cardiovascular Events in Active Adult Men
This cohort study investigates the association between participants’ capacity to complete push-ups at baseline and cardiovascular disease events during 10 years of follow-up.
jamanetwork.com
They found that men who were able to do 40 push-ups or more had a 96 percent reduced risk of heart disease compared with men who could do less than 10 push-ups.
Weightlifting is good for your heart and it doesn't take much
Lifting weights for less than an hour a week may reduce your risk for a heart attack or stroke by 40 to 70 percent, according to a new study. Spending more than an hour in the weight room did not yield any additional benefit, the researchers found. The results show benefits of strength training...
www.sciencedaily.com
Lifting weights for less than an hour a week may reduce your risk for a heart attack or stroke by 40 to 70 percent, according to a new study. Spending more than an hour in the weight room did not yield any additional benefit, the researchers found. The results show benefits of strength training are independent of running, walking or other aerobic activity.
Less than an hour of weekly resistance exercise (compared with no resistance exercise) was associated with a 29 percent lower risk of developing metabolic syndrome, which increases risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.
The risk of hypercholesterolemia was 32 percent lower. The results for both studies also were independent of aerobic exercise.
Resistance training promotes bone development, reduces lower back pain, prevents type 2 diabetes, improves insulin sensitivity & more
Resistance training is medicine: effects of strength training on health - PubMed
Inactive adults experience a 3% to 8% loss of muscle mass per decade, accompanied by resting metabolic rate reduction and fat accumulation. Ten weeks of resistance training may increase lean weight by 1.4 kg, increase resting metabolic rate by 7%, and reduce fat weight by 1.8 kg. Benefits of...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Benefits of resistance training include improved physical performance, movement control, walking speed, functional independence, cognitive abilities, and self-esteem.
Resistance training may promote bone development, with studies showing 1% to 3% increase in bone mineral density. Resistance training may be effective for reducing low back pain and easing discomfort associated with arthritis and fibromyalgia and has been shown to reverse specific aging factors in skeletal muscle.
Inactive adults can lose 3 to 8 percent of muscle mass per decade. You might lament the loss of your rock-hard arms or killer abs, but even worse, muscle weakness is linked with an increased likelihood of death in men. Heavy resistance training can help fight, and reverse, the loss of muscle mass. It can also strengthen bones and help prevent osteoporosis, especially in postmenopausal women.Resistance training may assist prevention and management of type 2 diabetes by decreasing visceral fat, reducing HbA1c, increasing the density of glucose transporter type 4, and improving insulin sensitivity.
The old saying, “Use it, don’t lose it” seems appropriate for your muscles.
Resistance training may help to treat Fibromyalgia
Recommendations for resistance training in patients with fibromyalgia
It may seem counter-intuitive to purposely stress muscle in patients who have muscle pain. However, a growing body of evidence challenges the assumption that resistance (strength) training worsens muscle pain in people with fibromyalgia (FM). In fact, ...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
In fact, the latest evidence indicates that when resistance training is tailored to individual needs, people with FM can obtain worthwhile improvements in FM severity.
Resistance training improves self-confidence and happiness
SAGE Journals: Your gateway to world-class research journals
Subscription and open access journals from SAGE Publishing, the world's leading independent academic publisher.
journals.sagepub.com
The weight of the available evidence supported the conclusion that strength training is associated with reductions in anxiety symptoms among healthy adults (5 trials); reductions in pain intensity among patients with low back pain (5 trials), osteoarthritis (8 trials), and fibromyalgia (4 trials); improvements in cognition among older adults (7 trials); improvements in sleep quality among depressed older adults (2 trials); reductions in symptoms of depression among patients with diagnosed depression (4 trials) and fibromyalgia (2 trials); reductions in fatigue symptoms (10 trials); and improvements in self-esteem (6 trials).
Resistance training reduces anxiety
The anxiolytic effects of resistance exercise
Numerous studies have revealed the beneficial effects of regular exercise across a variety of mental health measures. Although a great deal of attention has been paid to the role of aerobic exercise, less is known about the role of resistance exercise ...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
This research has shown that resistance training at a low-to-moderate intensity (<70% 1 repetition maximum) produces the most reliable and robust decreases in anxiety. These findings provide support for the use of resistance exercise in the clinical management of anxiety.
Resistance training treats depression
The outcomes of the review indicate that there is evidence for the efficacy of both cardiovascular exercise and resistance exercise, either independently or combined, in the treatment of depression across the range of severity levels and age groups.
Exercise interventions for the treatment of depression appear worthwhile and well tolerated. Exercise preference, access to resources and social support may shape the choice for the patient. The role of primary and allied health professionals in guiding this choice is discussed. Implications for clinical practice and further research are presented.
Maximal strength training improves work economy, rate of force development and maximal strength more than conventional strength training
Maximal strength training improves work economy, rate of force development and maximal strength more than conventional strength training - European Journal of Applied Physiology
This study compared maximal strength training (MST) with equal training volume (kg × sets × repetitions) of conventional strength training (CON) primarily with regard to work economy, and second one repetition maximum (1RM) and rate of force development (RFD) of single leg knee extension. In an...
link.springer.com
In conclusion, 8 weeks of MST was more effective than CON for improving work economy, 1RM and RFD in untrained and moderately trained men. The advantageous effect of MST to improve work economy could be due to larger improvements in 1RM and RFD.
The effect of strength training on performance in endurance athletes - PubMed
The present research available supports the addition of strength training in an endurance athlete's programme for improved economy, [Formula: see text], muscle power and performance. However, it is evident that further research is needed. Future investigations should include valid strength...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
The present research available supports the addition of strength training in an endurance athlete's programme for improved economy, [Formula: see text], muscle power and performance.
The effect of strength training on performance in endurance athletes - PubMed
The present research available supports the addition of strength training in an endurance athlete's programme for improved economy, [Formula: see text], muscle power and performance. However, it is evident that further research is needed. Future investigations should include valid strength...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
The results showed that strength training improved time-trial performance, economy, [Formula: see text] and vMART in competitive endurance athletes.
Resistance training improved cognitive ability and leads to healthy cognitive ageing
Kicking Back Cognitive Ageing: Leg Power Predicts Cognitive Ageing after Ten Years in Older Female Twins
Many observational studies have shown a protective effect of physical activity on cognitive ageing, but interventional studies have been less convincing. This may be due to short time scales of interventions, suboptimal interventional regimes or lack ...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Leg power predicts both cognitive ageing and global brain structure, despite controlling for common genetics and early life environment shared by twins. Interventions targeted to improve leg power in the long term may help reach a universal goal of healthy cognitive ageing.
Strength training can help protect the brain from degeneration
For the first time, an intervention - lifting weights - has been able to slow and even halt degeneration, over a long period, in brain areas particularly vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease.
www.sydney.edu.au
“Our research shows that strength training can protect some hippocampal subregions from degeneration or shrinkage for up to 12-months after the training has stopped,” Dr Broadhouse said.
"No man has the right to be an amateur in the matter of physical training. It is a shame for a man to grow old without seeing the beauty and strength of which his body is capable."
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