Kingkellz
Mod - Head of head of head of head of Doctors
Staff
- Joined
- Jan 9, 2020
- Posts
- 4,528
- Reputation
- 15,896
Nasal Bones & Pyriform Aperture
Nasal Skin
Nasal Size
Essentials of Facial Growth, by Enlow & Hans
Nasal Dorsal Contour
*Note how the cartoon depicts the differences in male and female nasal dorsal contour
A line drawn from nasion (N′) to the nasal tip (pronasale, Prn) forms the nasal dorsal line.
The contour of the nasal dorsum and dorsal line (N′- Prn) may be straight, convex or concave.
In men, the dorsum is approximately on the dorsal line. In women, the nasal dorsum may be up to 2 mm basal and parallel to the dorsal line.
Males
Researchgate
Females
Researchgate
Nasal Base Inclination
The intersection of a line through the
most anterior and posterior edges of the nostril with a true
vertical line through subnasale. Some authorities refer to
this measurement as the ‘nasolabial angle ’or ‘columella
inclination’, both of which are inaccurate as the upper lip
and columella are not involved in the measurement.
Normal values are:
• Male: 90 – 95 °.
• Female: 95 – 105 °
*Note how cartoons once again highlight the differences in male and female nasal base inclination
Males
Females
What influences the nasal base inclination?
As you can see the direction of the anterior nasal spine influences the nasal base inclination.
Nasal Tip
Essentials of Facial Growth, by Enlow & Hans
Males
Females
Supra-tip Break
The supratip break or depression is a subtle dorsal
depression formed by the convexity of the cephalic edges of the lateral crura as they diverge superolaterally over the cartilaginous nasal dorsum, higher than the nasal septum. It is a slight depression that exists on the aesthetic nose and helps to distinguish the dorsum from the tip; it is often more pronounced in the female.
The supratip is the part of the nose where the inferior region of the nasal dorsum meets the tip of the nose, a supratip break is present when there is a variation in height between the nasal tip and the adjacent nasal bridge.
Nasion Level
Males
Men tend to have higher nasion levels (ideally above the mid-pupil) than women due the sex/gender differences in both the nasal bones and nasal aperture.
Essentials of Facial Growth, by Enlow & Hans
Females tend to have nasion levels around the mid-pupil or lower.
Nasion Height
Sexual Dimorphism in the Nose Morphotype
@bogii @Pendejo @forwardgrowth @Bobelbrah
Facial Gender Affirmation Surgery, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America
Male nasal bones tend to meet in the midline at a sharper angle and the nasal aperture is higher and narrower, with sharp rather than rounded margins.
Morphometric Study of Nasal Bone and Piriform Aperture in Human Dry Skull
Shape and size analysis of the piriform aperture and nasal bone showed the existence of a significant sexual dimorphism. The mean width of the piriform aperture was 24.9±1.59 mm in males and 22.77±1.57 mm in females, the mean length was 29.57±3.28mm in females and 31.16±3.58mm in males.
CT evaluation of the bony nasal pyramid dimensions
The bone thickness was 2.23 mm ± 0.15 mm in males and 2.19 mm ± 0.14 mm in females at the level of upper border of the nasal bone; 1.82 mm ± 0.32 mm in males and 1.81 mm ± 0.25 mm in females at the intermediate level; and 1.73 mm ± 0.30 mm in males and 1.86 mm ± 0.69 mm in females at the lower border of the nasal bone. The mean thickness on the lateral osteotomy line was 1.85 mm ± 0.32 mm in males and 1.91 mm ± 0.46 mm in females. The mean thickness of the medial osteotomy line was 2.08 ± 0.17 mm in males and 2.04 mm ± 0.17 mm in females. The mean length of the nasal bone was 30.61 mm ± 1.26 mm in males and 29.01 mm ± 1.12 mm in females. The mean width of the pyriform aperture was 18.83 mm ± 2.17 mm in males and 18.19 mm ± 1.85 in females.
Nasal Skin
Nasal Skin Thickness Measurements Using Computed Tomography in an Adult Saudi Population
When the nasal skin thicknesses were compared between men and women, a significant difference was observed only at the columella (P = 0.016).
Male versus female skin: What dermatologists and cosmeticians should know
The studies show that the skin parameters of hydration, transepidermal water loss, sebum, microcirculation, pigmentation, and thickness are generally higher in men but skin pH is higher in women. Also, skin pigmentation and thickness are significantly higher, facial wrinkles are deeper, and facial sagging is more prominent in the lower eyelids of men.
Nasal Size
Essentials of Facial Growth, by Enlow & Hans
Why?The male nose is proportionately larger than the female nose (Fig. 8-7).
The overall body size of the male tends to be larger than that of the
female, and the male lungs are correspondingly more sizable to provide
for the relatively more massive muscles and body organs. This calls for a
larger airway, beginning with the nose and nasopharynx. A principal sexual dimorphic difference, therefore, is the size and configuration of the
nose, and this, in turn, leads to collateral differences in other topographic
structures of the face, since the airway is a developmental keystone.
Essentials of Facial Growth, by Enlow & Hans
NainiThe male nose, in general, tends to be
more protrusive, longer, wider, more fleshy, and tends to have larger and
more flaring nostrils. All of this is in contrast to a relatively thin and
less protrusive female nose.
The male nose is proportionately larger than the female
nose. Women tend to have smaller noses with more concave
dorsal morphology in profile view, whereas men’s noses are
relatively larger and more pronounced.
Thieme E-Journals - Facial Plastic Surgery / Full Text
The male nose is generally larger than the female nose because of the increased volume of cartilage and bone. In contrast, female noses are smaller and shorter.
Ontogenetic scaling of the human nose in a longitudinal sample: implications for genus Homo facial evolution - PubMed
We found that males and females exhibit similar nasal size values early in ontogeny and that sexual dimorphism in nasal size appears during adolescence. Moreover, when scaled to body size, males exhibit greater positive allometry in nasal size compared to females.
Sexually dimorphic differences in nasal development and scaling mirror patterns of ontogenetic variation in variables associated with oxygen consumption and tissue maintenance.
The ontogeny of nasal shape: An analysis of sexual dimorphism in a longitudinal sample - PubMed
However, as sitting height increases males exhibit a disproportionate increase in nasal region height that is not present in the female sample. Moreover, the male nasal region is less integrated with the surrounding facial skeleton when compared to the female sample.
(PDF) 3D ANALYSIS OF SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN THE NASAL CAVITY OF MODERN HUMANS
We confirmed sexual dimorphism in this structure, males having larger
airways than females. The outflow region in the nasal cavities differs in
absolute and relative size, especially in the proportions of the choanae.
This could be related to respiratory oxygen consumption and body energy
expenditure.
Our findings support the
hypothesis that human upper airways are larger in males than in females,
as proposed in Rosas and Bastir (2002). Larger choanae in males permit
inhalation of greater air volume in the respiratory sistem than smaller
female choanae (Mlynski et al., 2001).
Are gender differences in external noses caused by differences in nasal septal growth? - PubMed
Nasal septa and external noses were both larger in males than in females at the beginning of the study period, although not significantly. The differences became significant throughout the study due to differential increases between the sexes during the monitored growth spurts.
Adolescent growth patterns of the bony and cartilaginous framework of the nose: a cephalometric study - PubMed
Nasal height and nasal bridge length became fully mature in males at 15 years and fully mature in females at 12 years. The upper nasal dorsum, lower nasal dorsum, anterior nasal depth, and posterior nasal depth exhibited continuous growth up to 14 years in males and 2 years earlier in females. Nasal tip protrusion approached its mature size in males at 15 years and at 13 years in females.
Nasal Dorsal Contour
*Note how the cartoon depicts the differences in male and female nasal dorsal contour
A line drawn from nasion (N′) to the nasal tip (pronasale, Prn) forms the nasal dorsal line.
The contour of the nasal dorsum and dorsal line (N′- Prn) may be straight, convex or concave.
In men, the dorsum is approximately on the dorsal line. In women, the nasal dorsum may be up to 2 mm basal and parallel to the dorsal line.
Males
Researchgate
Essentials of Facial Growth, by Enlow & HansA high dorsum that is
straight or with a slight hump may be considered the
ideal for the white male nose.
Why are there multiple variations in male nasal configuration?The male nose usually ranges from a straight
to a convex (aquiline) profile.
The reason for the multiple male variations in nasal configuration lies in the more protuberant nature of the whole nasal region. Both
the upper and lower parts of the whole external nose are protrusive, but
the lower part can be constrained to a degree by the septopremaxillary
ligament, palate, and maxillary arch. The contour of the nose thus "rotates"; it either ''bends'' to give an aquiline configuration or rotates into a
straight, but more vertical, alignment.
the upper and lower parts of the whole external nose are protrusive, but
the lower part can be constrained to a degree by the septopremaxillary
ligament, palate, and maxillary arch. The contour of the nose thus "rotates"; it either ''bends'' to give an aquiline configuration or rotates into a
straight, but more vertical, alignment.
Researchgate
Essentials of Facial Growth, by Enlow & HansA nasal dorsum with a
straight profile or a slight concavity at the rhinion
currently is generally considered the aesthetic ideal
for the white female nose.
The female nose tends to range from
a straight to a somewhat concave profile.
Nasal Base Inclination
The intersection of a line through the
most anterior and posterior edges of the nostril with a true
vertical line through subnasale. Some authorities refer to
this measurement as the ‘nasolabial angle ’or ‘columella
inclination’, both of which are inaccurate as the upper lip
and columella are not involved in the measurement.
Normal values are:
• Male: 90 – 95 °.
• Female: 95 – 105 °
*Note how cartoons once again highlight the differences in male and female nasal base inclination
Males
Females
What influences the nasal base inclination?
As you can see the direction of the anterior nasal spine influences the nasal base inclination.
Nasal Tip
Essentials of Facial Growth, by Enlow & Hans
The tip of the male nose is often
more pointed and has a greater tendency to turn downward, and the some-
what more rounded female nose often tips upward.
The external nares in
the female are more often visible in a face-on view for this reason.
Males
Females
Supra-tip Break
The supratip break or depression is a subtle dorsal
depression formed by the convexity of the cephalic edges of the lateral crura as they diverge superolaterally over the cartilaginous nasal dorsum, higher than the nasal septum. It is a slight depression that exists on the aesthetic nose and helps to distinguish the dorsum from the tip; it is often more pronounced in the female.
The supratip is the part of the nose where the inferior region of the nasal dorsum meets the tip of the nose, a supratip break is present when there is a variation in height between the nasal tip and the adjacent nasal bridge.
The male nose may have a dorsal hump or straight dorsum with very little supratip break, whereas the female nose is considered attractive if it shows a straight or mildly concave dorsum with an accented tip.
Nasion Level
Males
Men tend to have higher nasion levels (ideally above the mid-pupil) than women due the sex/gender differences in both the nasal bones and nasal aperture.
Essentials of Facial Growth, by Enlow & Hans
Facial Gender Affirmation Surgery, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North AmericaThe interorbital part of the nasal bridge in the male
tends to be much higher.
FemalesThe nasal aperture in men is higher and narrower, with sharp rather than rounded margins.
Females tend to have nasion levels around the mid-pupil or lower.
Nasion Height
Sexual Dimorphism in the Nose Morphotype
The female and the male populations had
a mean of 7.73 mm and 9.20 mm respectively.
There were a significant differences
(p<0.01) in the nasion projection from the face between the
two genders, the male having a greater projection than the
female population. Males: mean of 9.2mm, Females: mean of 7.73mm
@bogii @Pendejo @forwardgrowth @Bobelbrah