shitposting/random memes megathread (NSFW)

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The Precursor!

 

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lol eight

 

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26 pages jesus christ

 

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Reference papers and your DNA​

A genome-wide association study identified one variant associated with static spatial working memory in Chinese population.​

Zhang L et al. 2022
Researchers performed a genome wide association study of two subtypes of spatial working memory (SWM), static spatial working memory (SSWM) and dynamic spatial working memory (DSWM) in 451 Chinese students. In this study, three stimuli of SWM were created. Each SWM stimulus was composed of a rectangular box and a dot, and was presented on a white background. At first, a rectangular box with a certain size was randomly presented at different positions on the computer screen, and at the same time, a dot with a certain size was randomly presented at different positions of the rectangular box. After a few seconds, these stimuli disappeared automatically, then a rectangular box and a dot at its center with the same size appeared on the screen. The participants’ task was to move the dot in the center of the rectangular box to the position in the rectangular box where the dot just disappeared through the direction key on the keyboard. The position of the rectangular box on the screen is different in the learning stage and the testing stage, so as to avoid the subjects completing the task by remembering the coordinate position of the point in the whole screen. Results showed that two SNPs, top SNP rs80263879 and rs72478903, in the epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) gene reached genome-wide significance for SSWM. There is a high linkage disequilibrium between these two SNPs. The data of expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) showed that the major allele G of rs80263879 is associated with increased EPHX2 expression in the spinal cord. Similarly, the major allele G of rs72478903 was associated with increased EPHX2 expression in the spinal cord. These results suggested the spinal cord may be associated with SWM.
www.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36176292/

 

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The ALFA project provide aggregate allele frequency from dbGaP. More information is available on the project page including descriptions, data access, and terms of use.

Release Version: 20201027095038
Search:

Population	Group	Sample Size	Ref Allele	Alt Allele

Population	Group	Sample Size	Ref Allele	Alt Allele
Total	Global	18430	G=0.99257	A=0.00743, T=0.00000
European	Sub	13890	G=0.99057	A=0.00943, T=0.00000
African	Sub	2920	G=1.0000	A=0.0000, T=0.0000
African Others	Sub	114	G=1.000	A=0.000, T=0.000
African American	Sub	2806	G=1.0000	A=0.0000, T=0.0000
Asian	Sub	100	G=1.00	A=0.00, T=0.00
East Asian	Sub	76	G=1.00	A=0.00, T=0.00
Other Asian	Sub	24	G=1.00	A=0.00, T=0.00
Latin American 1	Sub	144	G=1.000	A=0.000, T=0.000
Latin American 2	Sub	604	G=1.000	A=0.000, T=0.000

 

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Reference papers and your DNA​

Association of COMT and COMT-DRD2 interaction with creative potential.​

Zhang S et al. 2014
Researchers explored the association of the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT) and the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) with creative potential. These genes were focused on because previous studies generally supported a critical involvement of dopamine (DA) transmission in the cognitive processes of creativity and, of these, COMT and DRD2 have been studied most extensively. SNPs covering COMT were genotyped in 543 healthy Chinese college students. Their creative potentials, such as verbal and figural originality, were assessed by divergent thinking tests which are commonly used to estimate creativity. Association analysis showed that the A allele of rs4680 in the COMT gene had an additive effect in the direction of higher figural originality. It has been reported that the A allele has lower COMT enzymatic activity than the G allele, thereby leading to less efficient degradation of DA and higher DA levels in the synaptic cleft.

 

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ALFA Allele Frequency
The ALFA project provide aggregate allele frequency from dbGaP. More information is available on the project page including descriptions, data access, and terms of use.

Release Version: 20201027095038
Search:

Population	Group	Sample Size	Ref Allele	Alt Allele

Population	Group	Sample Size	Ref Allele	Alt Allele
Total	Global	282354	G=0.510915	A=0.489085
European	Sub	233224	G=0.491982	A=0.508018
African	Sub	11528	G=0.69240	A=0.30760
African Others	Sub	370	G=0.735	A=0.265
African American	Sub	11158	G=0.69098	A=0.30902
Asian	Sub	3820	G=0.7351	A=0.2649
East Asian	Sub	2420	G=0.7231	A=0.2769
Other Asian	Sub	1400	G=0.7557	A=0.2443
Latin American 1	Sub	976	G=0.571	A=0.429
Latin American 2	Sub	8888	G=0.5842	A=0.4158

 

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Reference papers and your DNA​

Relating dopaminergic and cholinergic polymorphisms to spatial attention in infancy.​

Markant J et al. 2014
Researchers examined the relationship between normative genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) and attention orienting in 7-month-old infants during a spatial cueing task. For this task, attention is engaged at a central location while a peripheral cue appears, a brief delay is imposed, and a target is subsequently presented in either the cued or noncued location. The timing of the cue-to-target delay is critical, as variations in this delay can elicit different orienting responses. Results showed that a SNP in COMT gene, which affects dopamine signaling in the prefrontal cortex, is related to the ability to control selective attention. This association has also been confirmed by two studies conducted in adults.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23731290

Result	Scientific Reliability	Chrom	SNP ID	Population
GA Intermediate		chr22	rs4680	European, Asian, African

 

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Reference papers and your DNA​

Schoolchildren's autobiographical memory: COMT gene Val(158)Met polymorphism effects on emotional content and quality of first memories.​

Tougu P et al. 2021
Researchers investigate the effect of the COMT gene polymorphism on the quality and emotional content of early memories in 234 children from the large-scale longitudinal Estonian Children Personality, Behavior, and Health Study. The polymorphism (rs4680) was selected based on the previously reported associations between the polymorphism and both cognitive and emotional processing because first autobiographical memories often include emotional content. In the instruction of the autobiographical memory task, children were asked to recall the very first memory of their life that they could remember and write it down in as much detail as they could. The quality of memory is defined by assessing the specificity of the reported event and calculating the number of reported details. Results showed that girls were more likely to provide specific memories and recollections than boys were. In addition, children described memories with a positive or a negative episode in more detail than neutral memories. The children having Val/Met (GA genotype) reported fewer details for positive and negative events than other children.
www.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34751856/

Result	Scientific Reliability	Chrom	SNP ID	Population
GA Likely to recall fewer details for positive and negative events		chr22	rs4680	Caucasian

 

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rs6042314

• Frequency
• Variant Details
• Clinical Significance
• HGVS
• Submissions
• History
• Publications
• Flanks

ALFA Allele Frequency
The ALFA project provide aggregate allele frequency from dbGaP. More information is available on the project page including descriptions, data access, and terms of use.
Release Version: 20201027095038
Search:

Population	Group	Sample Size	Ref Allele	Alt Allele

Population	Group	Sample Size	Ref Allele	Alt Allele
Total	Global	7920	G=0.3301	A=0.0000, C=0.6699, T=0.0000
European	Sub	7116	G=0.2919	A=0.0000, C=0.7081, T=0.0000
African	Sub	510	G=0.820	A=0.000, C=0.180, T=0.000
African Others	Sub	22	G=0.77	A=0.00, C=0.23, T=0.00
African American	Sub	488	G=0.822	A=0.000, C=0.178, T=0.000
Asian	Sub	4	G=0.0	A=0.0, C=1.0, T=0.0
East Asian	Sub	2	G=0.0	A=0.0, C=1.0, T=0.0
Other Asian	Sub	2	G=0.0	A=0.0, C=1.0, T=0.0
Latin American 1	Sub	8	G=1.0	A=0.0, C=0.0, T=0.0
Latin American 2	Sub	26	G=1.00	A=0.00, C=0.00, T=0.00

 

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Intelligence is a highly polygenic trait and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of DNA variants contributing with small effects. Polygenic scores (PGS) can aggregate those effects for trait prediction in independent samples

 

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Given that GWAS of sufficient sample size can reliably detect very small effects of single common variants, and given that SNPs contribute cumulatively to heritability, a fruitful approach forward has been the use of so-called polygenic scores (PGS). These are genetic indices of a trait, defined as the sum of trait-associated alleles across many genetic loci, weighted by effect sizes estimated by GWAS. Such scores can be calculated for individuals in target samples (independent from the initial discovery GWAS) and be used to predict traits of interest [15]. For instance, PGS for intelligence (IQ-PGS) [16, 17] and cognitive performance (CP-PGS), as well as educational attainment (EA-PGS) [18–20], a secondary measure of intelligence, have been associated with a wide variety of traits, including life-course development, educational achievement, body mass index, or emotional and behavioral problems in children [21–23]. Although IQ-PGS, CP-PGS, and EA-PGS explain a considerable amount of variance in intelligence (which is thought to increase even further with larger GWAS) [14], and robust and sometimes unexpected associations between genetic indices of cognitive abilities and other traits have been uncovered, it is important to understand that the predictive power of these PGS depends on the cognitive measure that is being used. To reliably identify genetic variants associated with a complex continuous behavioral trait, such as intelligence, in a GWAS, large sample sizes in the 100,000 s to millions are required. This has been successfully achieved using a light-phenotyping approach, that is, performing GWAS on the performance in rather superficial tests of general cognitive abilities [24, 25], or even more crudely, years of education [25]. The question thus arises, which of the various aspects of general intelligence [1, 2] are mainly reflected in those GWAS. The study at hand aimed to tackle this issue by pursuing a deep phenotyping approach. Using an extensive test battery comprised of tests for memory performance, processing speed, reasoning, and general knowledge, we investigated the predictive power of IQ-PGS [24], CP-PGS, and EA-PGS [25] with regard to each of the aforementioned cognitive abilities.

 

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What do you guys think of this "race realist" comment I found?​

I don't know a lot about genetics but I have a gut feeling that this is not factual at all (as per all race realists)....
PLUS I want to know, what the hell is he/she trying to say here?
Statement in Question:

So monkeys raised in a positive environment end up with higher IQ? Hold the phone now...

No. That's just false. Monkeys are pretty dumb. Captive primates can show some advanced cognition, but it's not because of learning. Dumb apes will remain dumb, smart apes will stay smart. Koko the gorilla had an average IQ of about 1 standard deviation higher than most africans.

Now, as for what makes blacks so incredibly stupid, the proof is in the pudding. It's mostly genetics.

The latest findings on race, genes and intelligence show that the gap in intelligence between Europeans and Africans is caused partly by irreducible genetic factors. These findings conclusively put an end to the theory that the gap is caused solely by socio-economic factors.

The following genes are present in at least one third of the European population and are known to increase intelligence with genome-wide levels of significance:

SNP Distribution:

rs708913 (A) Europeans are 341% more likely to have this gene than Africans

rs1044258 (T) Europeans are 470% more likely to have this gene than Africans

rs1487441 (A) Europeans are 156% more likely to have this gene than Africans

rs1800668 (A) Europeans are 59% more likely to have this gene than Africans

rs2099744 (A) Europeans are 123% more likely to have this gene than Africans

rs2364543 (T) Europeans are 113% more likely to have this gene than Africans

rs2899319 (A) Europeans are 214% more likely to have this gene than Africans

rs4314918 (A) Europeans are 337% more likely to have this gene than Africans

rs6535809 (A) Europeans are 650% more likely to have this gene than Africans

rs6546856 (T) Europeans are 418% more likely to have this gene than Africans

rs7963801 (T) Europeans are 2985% more likely to have this gene than Africans

rs9388490 (T) Europeans are 121% more likely to have this gene than Africans

rs11793831 (T) Europeans are 350% more likely to have this gene than Africans

rs13428598 (T) Europeans are 417% more likely to have this gene than Africans

rs17048855 (A) Europeans are 595% more likely to have this gene than Africans

The following genes are present in at least one third of the African population and are known to decrease intelligence with genome-wide levels of significance:

SNP Distribution

rs1245213 (A) Africans are 233% more likely to have this gene than Europeans

rs1346075 (T) Africans are 65% more likely to have this gene than Europeans

rs1972863 (A) Africans are 126% more likely to have this gene than Europeans

rs2416114 (T) Africans are 91% more likely to have this gene than Europeans

rs2420551 (A) Africans are 399% more likely to have this gene than Europeans

rs4325706 (T) Africans are 81% more likely to have this gene than Europeans

rs4640173 (A) Africans are 118% more likely to have this gene than Europeans

rs6736129 (A) Africans are 163% more likely to have this gene than Europeans

rs7019796 (T) Africans are 134% more likely to have this gene than Europeans

rs8138473 (T) Africans are 103% more likely to have this gene than Europeans

rs9755750 (A) Africans are 162% more likely to have this gene than Europeans

rs9939991 (A) Africans are 135% more likely to have this gene than Europeans Key points:

• These genes are known to influence mainly the hippocampus, brain, limbic system, central nervous system, cerebral cortex, cerebrum, parahippocampal gyrus, telencephalon, temporal lobe, brain stem, prosencephalon, rhombencephalon, occipital lobe, cerebellum, visual cortex, parietal lobe, retina, basal ganglia, neural stem cells, corpus striatum and frontal lobe.

• These genes alone account already for roughly two thirds of one standard deviation in cognitive ability.

• These genes are at least 50% more likely to exist in one population than in the other, can be found in at least one third of either population, and positively affect Europeans or negatively affect Africans. More than 200 genes that meet these requirements can be conservatively estimated to exist.

• The differences between populations might be even larger since the African sample included cohorts with European admixture.

References:

• Lee, James et al. "Gene discovery and polygenic prediction from a genome-wide association study of educational attainment in 1.1 million individuals." Nat Genet. 2018 Aug;50(8):1112-1121. doi: 10.1038/s41588- 018-0147-3. Epub 2018 Jul 23. Supplementary data.

• The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium, "A global reference for human genetic variation", Nature 526, 68-74 (01 October 2015) doi:10.1038/nature15393. Superpopulations.

 

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GWAS of 126,559 Individuals Identifies Genetic Variants Associated with Educational Attainment

A genome-wide association study of educational attainment was conducted in a discovery sample of 101,069 individuals and a replication sample of 25,490. Three independent SNPs are genome-wide significant (rs9320913, rs11584700, rs4851266), and all three ...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Europe PMC

Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature.

europepmc.org

Genome-wide association meta-analysis of 78,308 individuals identifies new loci and genes influencing human intelligence

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Gene discovery and polygenic prediction from a genome-wide association study of educational attainment in 1.1 million individuals - PubMed

Here we conducted a large-scale genetic association analysis of educational attainment in a sample of approximately 1.1 million individuals and identify 1,271 independent genome-wide-significant SNPs. For the SNPs taken together, we found evidence of heterogeneous effects across environments...

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8280022/

 

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A slight difference in SNPs.

 

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