Xangsane
Election day ruined by a ninja turtle
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(TLDR at the bottom)
About ALS:
What healthcare professionals say:
There are an increasing amount of younger people being diagnosed with ALS and nobody knows why.
The reality, that scientific researchers have found out, of why an increasing amount of young people below the age of 60 are getting ALS, apparently for "no known reason" according to healthcare professionals, is as follows:
TLDR:
PS: just because you feel a little sporadic muscle twitch here and there doesn't mean you have ALS, especially if your muscles aren't being wasted away.
A previous health thread I wrote:
About ALS:
Motor neurone disease (MND) is a rare and fatal condition that progressively damages parts of the nervous system. This leads to muscle weakness, often with visible wasting.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of MND.
MND happens when specialist nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, called motor neurones, stop working properly and die prematurely. This is known as neurodegeneration.
Motor neurones control muscle activity like:
As MND progresses, it can become more difficult to do some or all of these activities.
- gripping
- walking
- speaking
- swallowing
- breathing
Most people are diagnosed with ALS between the ages of 40 and 70 with the average age being 55.
About half of people with ALS live at least three years. About 20 percent live more than five years. And only about 10 percent live more than 10 years.
About 60 percent of people with ALS are men and 93 percent are white European.
What healthcare professionals say:
MND/ALS occurs when specialist nerve cells (motor neurones) in the brain and spinal cord progressively fail. It's not clear why this happens.
90% of the time, people who develop ALS don't have any identifiable risk factors. 10% of the time, ALS is inherited.
The only known risk factors are:
- Older age
- Being identified as male at birth
- A family history of ALS
Although we have learned a great deal about the genetic factors that might influence whether someone is at risk of developing MND later in life, environmental and age-related factors have been more difficult to identify. This means that people seem to develop MND because of a mix of factors amounting to 'bad luck', rather than because of a single major lifestyle factor, such as their occupation or diet.
There are an increasing amount of younger people being diagnosed with ALS and nobody knows why.
11 children diagnosed with new form of ALS
Researchers may have identified a potential treatment for the rare condition.
www.livescience.com
Young Father Defying the Odds of His ALS Diagnosis Says the Disease Is 'No Longer Hopeless'
Meet Brian Wallach, a former Obama staffer diagnosed with ALS at 37, who has spent the past five years fighting for new treatments and funding for neurodegenerative diseases
people.com
ALS Forces Young Man Into Early Retirement — Check Out His Powerful Message That Might Change Your Perspective on Life
A 29-year-old man who was forced into early retirement shared a now-viral and powerful LinkedIn post that might change your life perspective.
www.goalcast.com
Woman diagnosed with ALS at 27 shares how she thinks about life, finds hope
"Just because you’re faced with an obstacle doesn’t mean that you can’t go out and make a difference and having a super fulfilling life," Leah Stavenhagen said.
www.today.com
I thought I was too young to have ALS. Then I was diagnosed at age 33
I was walking to a work event with colleagues when all of a sudden I realized I couldn’t keep up.
www.today.com
Young mother of three adapts to life with ALS – ALS Society of Canada
"All I kept thinking was that I don’t want my kids to not have me. When you’re a young parent, you don’t think your time is limited.”
als.ca
The reality, that scientific researchers have found out, of why an increasing amount of young people below the age of 60 are getting ALS, apparently for "no known reason" according to healthcare professionals, is as follows:
Lifestyle risk factors for ALS:
- Exposure to diesel exhaust, lead, silica, organic dust, extremely low-frequency magnetic fields, and electric shocks
- Intense physical activity in your occupation
- Certain occupations, including construction, farming, fishing, logging, and hunting
- Long-term exposure to air pollution
- Red and processed meat, animal protein, sodium, zinc, and glutamic acid
A slightly reduced risk for ALS has been associated with consuming coffee, tea, whole-grain bread, raw vegetables, and citrus fruits.
Smoking
According to an evidence-based medicine analysis, smoking is the only probable risk factor for ALS.49,83 Intriguingly, smoking may be a risk factor among women, especially post-menopausal women,84,85 although not among men.86 The controversy regarding the role of smoking in ALS appears to remain unsolved87,88 and is an interesting area for epidemiological studies of ALS.89
Dietary factors
The most investigated relationship between dietary factors and ALS is the inverse association between higher intake of antioxidants and a lower risk of ALS. For example, regular use of vitamin E supplements was associated with a lower risk of ALS,90 and a longer duration of vitamin E use was associated with a lower risk of ALS in a large study pooling individual data from five cohorts.91 Dietary intake of vitamin E was also associated with a lower risk of ALS in case-control studies from the Netherlands92 and Japan.93 These results were further corroborated by another cohort study that measured vitamin E serum levels directly.94 In other smaller studies, however, levels of vitamin E did not differ between ALS patients and controls, neither in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)95 nor in the serum95,96 samples. Further, high-dose vitamin E as an add-on therapy to riluzole in ALS did not extend survival, although improvement in the rate of deterioration of function was suggested for vitamin E.97 Another group of antioxidants associated with a lower risk of ALS is polyunsaturated fatty acids,92,98,99 which may modulate lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes. Evidence for the role of other dietary factors in ALS, including consumption of coffee100,101 and alcohol,102,103 is scant.
Body mass index and physical fitness
There is a strong clinical impression that ALS patients have a higher level of physical fitness and lower body mass index (BMI) than average.104 Whether there is an overrepresentation of higher physical fitness among presymptomatic ALS patients is not firmly established. However, based on a large sample of Swedish conscripts, one longitudinal study showed that higher physical fitness, but not muscle strength, measured at age 18 years was associated with a higher risk of ALS decades later.105 Low BMI and higher BMI reduction rate have been shown to be independent prognostic indicators for ALS after diagnosis.106–108 Longitudinal cohort studies further suggest that low premorbid BMI is associated with a higher risk of and greater mortality from ALS.109,110
Athleticism, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and physical exercise
Historically, the most famous ALS patient was Lou Gehrig, the renowned US baseball player. Several studies have demonstrated increased risk of ALS among football or soccer players,111–114 other athletes,115 and individuals who engage in vigorous physical activity,116 but inconsistent results have also been reported.117–120 Strenuous physical activity, repeated head injuries, use of illicit performance-enhancing drugs, or chemicals used to treat football fields have all been discussed as potential explanations for such risk elevations.111,121 Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a newly defined neurodegenerative disease, often resulting from repeated head injuries, has been proposed as the underlying reason or the “correct” diagnosis for ALS cases observed among professional athletes and perhaps also among military veterans.122 Different levels of physical exercise (professional versus recreational) may have very different biological effects on neurodegeneration. This is in line with previous findings of an increased risk of ALS among professional football players,111–114 although not among high school players.119 Similarly, a large European case-control study showed a 51% lower risk of ALS for organized sport, but a 59% higher risk of ALS for professional sport.123 Further efforts to disentangle the different exposure patterns involved in professional sports as compared with recreational sports will be needed to better understand these findings. Although the hypothesis that athleticism contributes to ALS is intriguing, caution should be exercised in interpreting these findings, given the fact that the vast majority are based on small numbers of ALS cases.
Occupations
Workers in various occupations with seemingly disparate exposures have been reported to be potentially at altered risk of ALS, including athletes, carpenters, cockpit workers, construction workers, electrical workers, farm workers, hairdressers, house painters, laboratory technicians, leather workers, machine assemblers, medical service workers, military workers, nurses, power production plant workers, precision metal workers, programmers, rubber workers, shepherds, tobacco workers, veterinarians, and welders.124,125 These occupations potentially involve work exposures to chemicals, pesticides, metals, and electromagnetic fields (EMF).125–127 However, common denominators among these different occupations are not easily identified.
Military personnel are exposed to a battery of unique and potentially harmful factors, including physical and psychological exertion and trauma, transmissible agents (eg, viruses) and vaccines, toxic substances (eg, heavy metals and chemicals), and other environmental toxicants specific to particular deployment areas. A review article focusing on the potential links between military-related factors and ALS has been published recently, and concluded that although there is evidence suggesting a role of military service in ALS, it is too premature to draw a firm conclusion regarding a causal relationship.128
Electric occupation, electric shock, and electromagnetic field
ALS has been associated with “electrical” occupations,129,130 especially welding.131 Magnetic fields, electrical fields, contact currents, microshocks, and both perceptible and imperceptible electric shocks all contribute to occupational exposure to extremely low frequency EMF. The reported association of ALS with EMF is generally weaker than that with electrical occupations.129,130 Evidence is not yet available to distinguish whether electric shocks or exposure to EMF underlies the association between electrical occupation and ALS.132–134 A meta-analysis suggested that there might be a slight but statistically significant increase in ALS risk among people with job descriptions related to relatively high levels of EMF exposure.135 However, studies using residential proximity to power lines as a proxy for EMF exposure have failed to support such a relationship.136,137 Different exposure levels investigated in studies of occupational, compared with residential, exposure to EMF may partly explain the different findings to date.
Metals
That lead may be a culprit in ALS etiology is a long-standing hypothesis. Previous studies have mostly supported this relationship, relying in general on indirect measures of lead exposure.115,138–148 Lead levels in both blood and bone were found to be associated with ALS,147,148 although others found only an association for blood and not bone.149 Blood lead levels may reflect current environmental lead exposure and may also reflect mobilization of lead from bone.150 Lead toxicokinetics and bone metabolism may therefore modify the lead-ALS association. A recent case-control study observed that blood lead levels were high among ALS cases compared with controls, even after careful adjustment for bone turnover status and a polymorphism affecting lead toxicokinetics.151
Pesticides
Pesticides are in widespread use worldwide and can be measured in various concentrations in air, food, and water. An association between pesticide use and ALS has been explicitly evaluated and suggested in previous studies,139–141,146,163–166 including two recent studies from India167 and the USA (organochlorine compounds, pyrethroids, herbicides, and fumigants specifically).168 In meta-analyses, pesticide use was found to be significantly associated with a higher risk of ALS,168,169 although the latter study169 suggested a male-specific association.
Viruses
Previous viral infection has also been considered as a potential risk factor for ALS. For example, a role of enteroviral infections in ALS has been hypothesized since neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord are the target cells both in ALS and enteroviral infections, including poliomyelitis.174 Using reverse transcriptase (RT) in situ polymerase chain reaction, enterovirus RNA was detected in motor neurons of the anterior horn of patients with ALS.175 Exposure to other viruses may also be important. Human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 seropositivity was associated with a more than threefold risk of ALS, and HHV-8 seropositivity with a more than eightfold risk.176 Retroviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus and human T-cell lymphotrophic virus-1, caused motor neuron syndromes.177 Some as yet unidentified retrovirus might also be a risk factor for ALS, because a mouse retrovirus (murine leukemia virus) causes both a lower motor neuron syndrome and leukemia/lymphoma.178 A more broad measure of retroviral infection, ie, serum activity of reverse transcriptase (an enzyme characterizing retroviral infections), was similar among ALS patients and their blood relatives, but lower among their spouses, who had levels similar to that of other non-blood-related controls.179 More recent studies of the expression of human endogenous retroviral sequences have revealed significantly increased expression of human endogenous retro virus type K (HERV-K), one of the two most studied human endogenous retroviruses given its complete open reading frame and ability to form virus-like particles, in the serum, muscle, and post mortem brain tissue of ALS patients.180–183
Medical conditions
The general belief that ALS is a complex multifactorial disease has suggested the importance of studying the relationship between ALS and other medical conditions, which may share environmental risk factors or a genetic predisposition with ALS. In this review, we focus our discussion on the potential roles of head trauma, metabolic diseases, cancer, and neuroinflammation in ALS.
Head trauma
Early case-control studies reported a significant association between history of head trauma and ALS.184 Aiming to rule out the possibilities of recall bias and reverse causality (ie, trauma as a result, rather than a cause, of ALS), later studies generally used more objective assessment of head trauma history and excluded traumas experienced during the years immediately before the diagnosis of ALS.185,186 Severe head traumas that were hospitalized were not associated with a higher risk of ALS in Sweden.186 A possible association of ALS with milder head traumas, perhaps specifically with repeatedly experienced mild traumas, has not been thoroughly addressed.
Metabolic diseases
An interest in the relationship between metabolic disorders and ALS arose after the observation that ALS patients are hypermetabolic.187 Previous studies suggested that type 2 diabetes is associated with a lower risk of ALS,188 while type 1 diabetes, as well as some other autoimmune diseases, might instead be risk factors for ALS.189 In a recent study, we confirmed an inverse association between type 2 diabetes and risk of ALS, and found that type 1 diabetes was indeed associated with a threefold risk of ALS.190 Medications used for treatments of metabolic disorders, independently of the underlying disorders, may also be associated with the development of ALS. However, the evidence gathered to date is inconclusive regarding the relationship between use of statins191 and the risk or progression of ALS, and between the antidiabetic drug, pioglitazone, and progression of ALS.192 However, these findings are not surprising given the complexity of their properties. Pioglitazone, for example, is both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and may protect against neurodegeneration, but it is also antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic and may therefore be detrimental for ALS, if the emerging evidence of a potentially protective effect of obesity and type 2 diabetes with regard to ALS proves true.
Cancer
Although the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases and of cancer increases in older adults, these two groups of diseases are characterized by largely opposing cellular behavior, ie, premature cell death in neurodegeneration and resistance to cell death in carcinogenesis.193 A potential inverse relationship between neurodegenerative diseases (eg, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease) and cancer has been observed, and is plausible for the reasons discussed.194 Based on clinical case series or case reports, earlier studies suggested a positive association between ALS and cancer.195–197 Most epidemiological studies have refuted such a link in general,198–201 except for melanoma.199,201–203 The most recent, large-scale, prospective cohort studies have similarly refuted a positive association between cancer, including melanoma, and ALS.204,205
Neuroinflammation
Since the earliest pathological changes in ALS appear to occur in axons, dendrites, and synapses,206 studies of the relationship between inflammatory conditions around the motor unit and ALS may shed light on the pathological development of ALS. Clinically, early symptoms of ALS can be difficult to differentiate from symptoms of other inflammatory neuromuscular diseases such as myositis, myasthenia gravis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, and multiple sclerosis. Due to the difficulties in determining the correct diagnosis, misdiagnosis may be an explanation for any higher-than-expected co-occurrence of ALS and inflammatory diseases.207 Interestingly, ALS and multiple sclerosis were reported to co-occur in individuals with the C9ORF72 repeat expansion, suggesting some biological overlaps between ALS and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases.208 However, apart from several reports of cases diagnosed with both ALS and with some of the conditions above, few studies have addressed this issue.
Being white
Some studies have found that certain genetic mutations are more common in people of European descent and may be associated with an increased risk of developing ALS.
- Certain environmental factors, such as exposure to toxins or chemicals, have been suggested as possible contributors to the development of ALS. It is possible that white people are more likely to be exposed to these factors than other racial or ethnic groups.
- Certain variations in the gene encoding for the enzyme SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1) have been associated with an increased risk of developing ALS, and these variations are more common in people of European descent. (T Awano, 2009)
TLDR:
- Smoking is the only probable risk factor for ALS, particularly among women, but controversy remains.
- A higher intake of antioxidants, particularly vitamin E and polyunsaturated fatty acids, is associated with a lower risk of ALS.
- Low body mass index (BMI) and higher BMI reduction rate are independent prognostic indicators for ALS after diagnosis, and low premorbid BMI is associated with a higher risk of and greater mortality from ALS.
- Increased risk of ALS has been reported among athletes, particularly those engaged in football or soccer, and individuals who engage in vigorous physical activity. The underlying reasons are still unclear, but potential explanations include repeated head injuries, use of performance-enhancing drugs, or exposure to chemicals.
- Various occupations with seemingly disparate exposures have been reported to be potentially at altered risk of ALS, including athletes, carpenters, cockpit workers, construction workers, electrical workers, farm workers, hairdressers, house painters, laboratory technicians, and more. Common denominators among these different occupations are not easily identified.
- Military service has been suggested as a potential risk factor for ALS due to exposure to various harmful factors, but it is too premature to draw a firm conclusion regarding a causal relationship.
- ALS has been associated with "electrical" occupations, especially welding, and exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF). The association of ALS with EMF is generally weaker than that with electrical occupations, and evidence is not yet available to distinguish whether electric shocks or exposure to EMF underlies the association between electrical occupation and ALS.
- White Europeans may have a higher risk of developing ALS due to genetic mutations and environmental factors, as well as variations in the SOD1 gene that are more common in this population.
PS: just because you feel a little sporadic muscle twitch here and there doesn't mean you have ALS, especially if your muscles aren't being wasted away.
A previous health thread I wrote:
The quality of your stool and your gut health correlates with your PSL and athleticism. 99.9% of people living on the planet are "very unhealthy".
@OldRooster @Pretty Do you know exactly why this stool transplant company (Human Microbes) that pays you $180,000 a year to become a stool donor, has strict requirements? https://looksmax.org/posts/10294760/ https://www.humanmicrobes.org/donors Excerpt from their site: In order to become...
looksmax.org
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