NZb6Air
Kraken
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GHK-Cu, on paper, seems to be the single best looksmaxxing compound there is (perfect skin, anti-aging, surgery recovery, neurogenesis⁹,¹¹ etc)¹, yet no one seems to be reaping any of its benefits. What’s even more bizarre is that injection-related pain is massively reported, more consistently so than its supposed benefits².
Quickly, Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (GHK) is a tripeptide isolated from human plasma³, which possesses a high affinity for copper (II) ions, with which it spontaneously forms a complex (GHK-Cu). GHK alone has been shown to be responsible for the collagen boost⁴ and no injection-related pain has been reported with it⁵, so go for it if you want but it's the added copper that is responsible for this myriad of blessings;
EXAMPLES :
The complex, unlike GHK alone, helps activate matrix metalloproteinases, which break down damaged tissue so it can be replaced with healthy tissue⁶.
OR
Compositions of copper (II) containing compounds have been show to accelerate the healing of wounds in warm-blooded animals, and more specifically the systemic loading of copper (II) compounds to accelerate the rate of wound healing following injury or surgery to warm-blooded animals.⁷
; ...and consequently what seems to cause tissue damage during injection.
If we look at the cayman chemicals reviews of the molecules in question :
The main differences are the addition of a copper atom and a significantly worse solubility profile, which suggests a causal relationship between these two differences (meaning that the added copper induces the worse solubility).
In fact, we know that metals are gay
Simply, they like to move a lot, they're playful building blocks that like to change and mix
, while other atoms are stronger and stick together better, 
other atoms, like those in water or air, are like super strong blocks that hold together really well
. They don’t like to change as much, so they are usually more stable.
Seriously, metals require ions to stabilize in various contexts, primarily due to their tendency to lose electrons and form positive charges, the ions in PBS can neutralize the positive charge of the copper ions, reducing the likelihood of oxidation or other reactions that would destabilize the copper. PBS also maintains a stable pH, which is important for keeping copper in its soluble form. In bac water or regular saline, changes in pH can lead to precipitation or oxidation of copper ions. (5 to 7 for bac and reg saline vs 7.2 to 7.4 for Phosphate Buffered Saline)
Hence why GHK-Cu needs PBS (again because the ionic solution (has a lot of ions) stabilizes the added copper), otherwise the copper-nitrogen bonds are likely to break.
The common folk seems to be dissolving GHK-Cu in Bac Water since that is the usual commercially available and promoted solvent for peptides².
However, Bac Water has a lower ion concentration than PBS (which makes the copper less likely to be stable), I hypothesize that the pain comes from the free copper atoms raping your tissues (not fully understood).
Injection solutions :
Phosphate Buffered Saline :
i.e. what is mostly used in studies and what is recommended by CaymanChem
Making PBS at home looks annoying af so just fucking buy it : https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/d8537
WORKS AND STABLE
Normale saline (0.9% saline) :
Direct on-site injection tho
WORKS BUT THEORETICALLY NOT STABLE, since the PH will be too low
You'd need to adjsut it yourself⁷
BAC WATER :
DOESN'T WORK (YOU ONLY GET GHK AND INJECTION SITE DAMAGE)²
Topical :
Topical formulations of GHKcu have been developed and are effective
BetTar:
The best one (both low-cost, most effective and most stable) being Bet Tar which is a recent (2023) chinese developped ionic-liquid-based delivery vehicle composed of betaine and tartaric acid
Stable as fuck :
PDI is dispersity
I will be attaching the papers⁸ in case President Xi takes them down
Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel embedded with GHK peptide nanofibers : ( )
Works af for direct wound healing
YES BRO I WILL TOTALLY MAKE THIS jfl
THERE ARE 8 BILLION GOOD TOPICAL ways but WE CAN NOT MAKE/BUY any of these
This was good for wound closure but go figure how they made it
Concering DMSO :
IT DOESN'T WORK (IT'S EVEN LESS STABLE THAN BAC WATER since it has less ions (water (bac water) has H+ and OH- (water)))
These niggas tried to study its structure while dissolving it in DMSO¹⁰ : https://sci-hub.ru/10.1016/0162-0134(89)84011-5, which gave them completly retarded results "under their conditions"
Metals in general seem to be struggling in DMSO
Goodluck rabbitholemaxxing this
TLDR :
- RECONSTITUTE GHK-Cu IN PBS or DPBS (which you can buy) and inject it daily
- BUY and RECONSTITUTE GHK IN BAC WATER IF YOU ONLY WANT COLLAGEN BOOST AND EASE OF USE and inject it daily
- TRY TO MAKE a [Bet] [Tar] GHK-Cu Topical Liquid Solution, if you want, for when you can't inject or as first-aid
¹Pickart, L., & Margolina, A. (2018). Regenerative and protective actions of the GHK-Cu peptide in the light of the new gene data. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(7), https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6073405/pdf/ijms-19-01987.pdf
²
³Pickart L, Thaler MM. Tripeptide in human serum which prolongs survival of normal liver cells and stimulates growth in neoplastic liver. Nat New Biol. 1973 May 16;243(124):85-7. PMID: 4349963.
⁴Maquart, F.-X., Pickart, L., Laurent, M., Gillery, P., Monboisse, J.-C., & Borel, J.-P. (1988). Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu²⁺. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 238(2), 343-346. https://sci-hub.ru/10.1016/0014-5793(88)80509-X
⁵ Google it and add Reddit and various forums to the key-words
⁶Siméon, A., Emonard, H., Hornebeck, W., & Maquart, F.-X. (2000). The tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu²⁺ stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression by fibroblast cultures. Life Sciences, 67(20), 2257-2265. https://sci-hub.ru/10.1016/S0024-3205(00)00803-1
⁷ Pickart, L. R. (1992). Method of using copper(II) containing compounds to accelerate wound healing (U.S. Patent No. 5164367). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/28/c1/c7/6fb3bbcf61becb/US5164367.pdf
⁸Liu, T., Hu, L., Lu, B., Bo, Y., Liao, Y., Zhan, J., Pei, Y., Sun, H., Wang, Z., Guo, C., & Zhang, J. (2023). A novel delivery vehicle for copper peptides. New Journal of Chemistry https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/nj/d2nj04282g#fn1
⁹L. Pickart, in BioIogy of Copper Complexes, J. R. C. Sorenson, Ed., Human Press, Clifton, NJ, 1987, pp. 273-285 (https://library.lol/main/04A4B0236383B58B30E1AF569542355F), neurogenesis also mentionned here¹⁰
¹⁰Antholine, W. E., Petering, D. H., & Pickart, L. (1989). ESR studies of the interaction of copper(II) GHK, histidine, and Ehrlich cells. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 35(2), U-224
¹¹Pickart, L., Vasquez-Soltero, J. M., & Margolina, A. (2012). The human tripeptide GHK-Cu in prevention of oxidative stress and degenerative conditions of aging: Implications for cognitive health. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2012, Article ID 324832. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/324832
Quickly, Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine (GHK) is a tripeptide isolated from human plasma³, which possesses a high affinity for copper (II) ions, with which it spontaneously forms a complex (GHK-Cu). GHK alone has been shown to be responsible for the collagen boost⁴ and no injection-related pain has been reported with it⁵, so go for it if you want but it's the added copper that is responsible for this myriad of blessings;
EXAMPLES :
The complex, unlike GHK alone, helps activate matrix metalloproteinases, which break down damaged tissue so it can be replaced with healthy tissue⁶.
OR
Compositions of copper (II) containing compounds have been show to accelerate the healing of wounds in warm-blooded animals, and more specifically the systemic loading of copper (II) compounds to accelerate the rate of wound healing following injury or surgery to warm-blooded animals.⁷
; ...and consequently what seems to cause tissue damage during injection.
If we look at the cayman chemicals reviews of the molecules in question :
The main differences are the addition of a copper atom and a significantly worse solubility profile, which suggests a causal relationship between these two differences (meaning that the added copper induces the worse solubility).
In fact, we know that metals are gay
Gay meaning they have different bonding properties vs carbon, oxygen, etc (this whole field of gay metals is “inorganic chemistry”) The reason for this is that metals basically have up to ten relevant electrons , which have comically complex geometries, are much larger (radius) and less bound to the nucelus
Simply, they like to move a lot, they're playful building blocks that like to change and mix
, while other atoms are stronger and stick together better, other atoms, like those in water or air, are like super strong blocks that hold together really well. They don’t like to change as much, so they are usually more stable. Seriously, metals require ions to stabilize in various contexts, primarily due to their tendency to lose electrons and form positive charges, the ions in PBS can neutralize the positive charge of the copper ions, reducing the likelihood of oxidation or other reactions that would destabilize the copper. PBS also maintains a stable pH, which is important for keeping copper in its soluble form. In bac water or regular saline, changes in pH can lead to precipitation or oxidation of copper ions. (5 to 7 for bac and reg saline vs 7.2 to 7.4 for Phosphate Buffered Saline)
Hence why GHK-Cu needs PBS (again because the ionic solution (has a lot of ions) stabilizes the added copper), otherwise the copper-nitrogen bonds are likely to break.
The common folk seems to be dissolving GHK-Cu in Bac Water since that is the usual commercially available and promoted solvent for peptides².
However, Bac Water has a lower ion concentration than PBS (which makes the copper less likely to be stable), I hypothesize that the pain comes from the free copper atoms raping your tissues (not fully understood).
Injection solutions :
Phosphate Buffered Saline :
i.e. what is mostly used in studies and what is recommended by CaymanChem
Making PBS at home looks annoying af so just fucking buy it : https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/sigma/d8537
WORKS AND STABLE
Normale saline (0.9% saline) :
Direct on-site injection tho
WORKS BUT THEORETICALLY NOT STABLE, since the PH will be too low
You'd need to adjsut it yourself⁷
BAC WATER :
DOESN'T WORK (YOU ONLY GET GHK AND INJECTION SITE DAMAGE)²
Topical :
Topical formulations of GHKcu have been developed and are effective
BetTar:
The best one (both low-cost, most effective and most stable) being Bet Tar which is a recent (2023) chinese developped ionic-liquid-based delivery vehicle composed of betaine and tartaric acid
Stable as fuck :
PDI is dispersity
I will be attaching the papers⁸ in case President Xi takes them down
Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel embedded with GHK peptide nanofibers : (
)Works af for direct wound healing
YES BRO I WILL TOTALLY MAKE THIS jfl
THERE ARE 8 BILLION GOOD TOPICAL ways but WE CAN NOT MAKE/BUY any of these
This was good for wound closure but go figure how they made it
Concering DMSO :
IT DOESN'T WORK (IT'S EVEN LESS STABLE THAN BAC WATER since it has less ions (water (bac water) has H+ and OH- (water)))
These niggas tried to study its structure while dissolving it in DMSO¹⁰ : https://sci-hub.ru/10.1016/0162-0134(89)84011-5, which gave them completly retarded results "under their conditions"
Metals in general seem to be struggling in DMSO
Goodluck rabbitholemaxxing this
TLDR :
- RECONSTITUTE GHK-Cu IN PBS or DPBS (which you can buy) and inject it daily
- BUY and RECONSTITUTE GHK IN BAC WATER IF YOU ONLY WANT COLLAGEN BOOST AND EASE OF USE and inject it daily
- TRY TO MAKE a [Bet] [Tar] GHK-Cu Topical Liquid Solution, if you want, for when you can't inject or as first-aid
@Hexmask @N1666 @Clavicular @NorwoodAscender @meathead
¹Pickart, L., & Margolina, A. (2018). Regenerative and protective actions of the GHK-Cu peptide in the light of the new gene data. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(7), https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6073405/pdf/ijms-19-01987.pdf
²
³Pickart L, Thaler MM. Tripeptide in human serum which prolongs survival of normal liver cells and stimulates growth in neoplastic liver. Nat New Biol. 1973 May 16;243(124):85-7. PMID: 4349963.
⁴Maquart, F.-X., Pickart, L., Laurent, M., Gillery, P., Monboisse, J.-C., & Borel, J.-P. (1988). Stimulation of collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu²⁺. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 238(2), 343-346. https://sci-hub.ru/10.1016/0014-5793(88)80509-X
⁵ Google it and add Reddit and various forums to the key-words
⁶Siméon, A., Emonard, H., Hornebeck, W., & Maquart, F.-X. (2000). The tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu²⁺ stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression by fibroblast cultures. Life Sciences, 67(20), 2257-2265. https://sci-hub.ru/10.1016/S0024-3205(00)00803-1
⁷ Pickart, L. R. (1992). Method of using copper(II) containing compounds to accelerate wound healing (U.S. Patent No. 5164367). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/28/c1/c7/6fb3bbcf61becb/US5164367.pdf
⁸Liu, T., Hu, L., Lu, B., Bo, Y., Liao, Y., Zhan, J., Pei, Y., Sun, H., Wang, Z., Guo, C., & Zhang, J. (2023). A novel delivery vehicle for copper peptides. New Journal of Chemistry https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2023/nj/d2nj04282g#fn1
⁹L. Pickart, in BioIogy of Copper Complexes, J. R. C. Sorenson, Ed., Human Press, Clifton, NJ, 1987, pp. 273-285 (https://library.lol/main/04A4B0236383B58B30E1AF569542355F), neurogenesis also mentionned here¹⁰
¹⁰Antholine, W. E., Petering, D. H., & Pickart, L. (1989). ESR studies of the interaction of copper(II) GHK, histidine, and Ehrlich cells. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 35(2), U-224
¹¹Pickart, L., Vasquez-Soltero, J. M., & Margolina, A. (2012). The human tripeptide GHK-Cu in prevention of oxidative stress and degenerative conditions of aging: Implications for cognitive health. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2012, Article ID 324832. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/324832
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